Current Issues in

Translation
By :
-Donny Ferdiansyah (202232016)
-Noor Layla (202232020)
-Meylia putri Yuliana(202232027)
-Elsa fingky maharani (202232032)
-Devi fatmasari (202232073)
 A. Translation as Intercultural communication
In open translation, intercultural transfer is explicitly present and likely to
be perceived by the recipients. They are presented with aspects of the
foreign culture in their own language, and are thus invited to enter into an
intercultural dialog. In covert translation, a 'cultural filter' is applied to
conform the source text to the communicative norms of the target culture.
As a result, the recipients of the translation may not realize that what they
are reading is actually a translation, as the text has been made familiar to
them. This happens in literary texts when proper names, names of places
and institutions, or references to history and other culture-specific events
are replaced with 'equivalent' items in the target culture.
How does 'cultural change' happen? One plausible answer is that the
discipline of translation studies here is simply following a general trend in the
humanities and social sciences. Both fields have been heavily influenced
over the past few decades by postmodernist, postcolonial, feminist and other
socioculturally and politically motivated schools of thought. Following this
Zeitgeist, many translators now see themselves as active intercultural and
socially and politically committed communicators. They demand a shift in
focus from texts as legitimate objects of study to the historical and social
contexts that constrain their production and context.

Accepted in this view, translators are given an enhanced status. They are
given a new responsibility to reveal, not hide, socio-cultural and political
differences and inequalities, even to the extent of deliberately and
systematically deviating from the original or completely rewriting it to rectify
injustice and oppression. Such social and political responsibility can lead
translators to expose ideological ambiguities, 'reposition themselves', and
step out of the text to make personal comments or change parts of the text.
In an original text on the political situation in the Middle East, for example, a
translator might render the terms 'Judaea and Samaria' as 'Occupied Palestine',
change the phrase 'security fence' into 'apartheid wall', and translate the collocation
'Islamist terrorists' as 'freedom fighters'. Alternatively, translators might indicate by
the use of quotation marks or parentheses that they dissociate themselves from any
'direct' translation of original words and phrases, which they nevertheless feel
obliged to reproduce. In both cases, translators express their own sociopolitical
stance by shying away from a straightforward 'faithful' translation. Translations from
this point of view function as 'interventions' and legitimate ways of removing
perceived social and political injustices.

However, what is essentially at issue is the perception of the translator as a

mediator or intercultural communicator. The latter leads to his intervention in the
type of intercultural communication called translation. Ideological imbalance -
however ethically justified - is clearly the result of the imposition of the translator's
views on the intercultural mediation process, and this must be recognized.
 B. The nature of the translation process

The process of translation requires a translator to clearly define

the relationship between two linguistic systems. One of these two
linguistic systems is already available and written by the
communicator of the source language (BSu) and the other
linguistic system is still potential or adaptable or often called the
target language (BSa). The above statement is similar to
Frauengelder and Schriefers' statement (in Zu Tzou et al., 2016:
632), which states that translation is basically a linguistic
phenomenon that involves mapping lexical and syntactic codes in
two languages as well as reformulating ideas from the source
language.
The term translation is ambiguous. As a countable noun, it is used to
denote a product, as a non-countable noun, it denotes a process, i.e. how
you arrive at the product. If we look at translation as a product, we can
compare it to the original text as we have done in the examples presented
throughout this book and try to figure out where and how it resembles, or
differs from the original.
An external or product view of the translation can provide indirect
evidence of how the translator did it. This relationship can provide
indirect evidence of how translators go about their task of translating.
However, if we want to have more direct evidence of the translators'
mental processes of text comprehension, interpretation, restructuring
and rewriting, we need to have more than just the translated text to
work with. We need to look into the translator's mind to know how it
works 'online', how he or she interprets the source text, how
equivalence problems are solved, how choices are made and revised.
Trying to access the translator's mind means trying to look inside his
'black box'. The aim here is to find out whether the way experienced
translators work differs from inexperienced translators, and to suggest
strategies and skills that might be useful in translator training.
 C. Corpus Studies in Translation

The use of corpora in translation studies as a tool for translators is

becoming one of the fastest-growing and most promising areas of empirical
translation work. A corpus is a collection of texts, selected and compiled
according to specific criteria. The texts are held in an electronic format that
allows different kinds of software to be used to analyse them in various
ways.
Corpus methods are useful for analysing translations as parallel corpora.
These consist of a set of texts in one language and a set of their
translations into another language. The corpora can be unidirectional-i.e.
they hold only originals in language A and translations in language B or
bidirectional-where they hold originals and translations in both languages.

Corpus studies in translation are an exciting new field, but they should not
be indulged in at the expense of richly contextualized qualitative translation
analysis and comparison. There is the danger that corpus analyses treat
'located' discourse as a context-free text, which may distort analyses and
findings to a considerable extent.
 D. Translation and Globalization

In the era of globalization, translation is increasingly impacting everyone's

lives, and the translation profession is no exception. Translation helps
enable the exchange of ideas, thoughts and cultures from one language to
another. As technology develops and new methods and concepts emerge,
translators must apply them in their daily work. Translation further
contributes to the introduction of different languages and cultures, which
ultimately leads to globalization.
The Internet has revolutionized the flow of information, giving rise to a
global translation industry that protects linguistic and cultural diversity.
Significant growth has occurred in software localization, a complex form of
translation that focuses not only on language but also on the cultural,
technical and global aspects of product accessibility.

The influence of English as a global lingua franca is seen in the dominance

of American culture, particularly in media such as television series and
global news. The role of translation is becoming increasingly important
especially in the era of globalization. Translators are negotiators who
navigate complex, multi-layered and multi-meaning global spaces and
geographies. Translators are also important links or connectors in
multilingual contexts and in other words, translation plays an important role
in an increasingly globalized world.
THANK YOU!