EF-1852

LFHO DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Source Water Treatment Plant
 Why Treat?
• Source/Make-up Water is the reject stream of
SWWTP (Sulaibiya Waste Water Treatment &
Reclamation Plant) currently being diverted to
sea. It does not meet the stringent BFW
specifications required for steam production
at CPF and hence must be treated at CPF prior
to its use for steam production.
 Objectionable Components in
Source/Makeup Water
• Phosphates
• Scale forming Cations Ca++ , Mg++, Sr++, Ba++
• Micro-organisms/Bacteria (colonies)
• Total Suspended Solids & Silt
• O2 and CO2 (Non condensable gasses)
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
• Silica
• Oil & Grease
• Iron
 Source/Makeup Water Composition & BFW Specifications
Parameter Source Water OTSG BFW Utility Boiler BFW
Total Hardness as 2452 mg/l < 0.5 ppm < 0.3 ppm
CaCO3
Silica as SiO2 10 mg/l < 50 ppm < 3 ppm
Iron Fe++ (ous) 0.70 mg/l < 0.20 ppm < 0.10 ppm
Total Dissolved Solids 10520 mg/l 570 ppm < 70 ppm
(TDS)
Total Suspended 50 mg/l < 0.10 ppm < 0.10 ppm
Solids (TSS)
Dissolved Oxygen Not Specified < 0.007 ppm (< 7 ppb) < 0.007 ppm (< 7 ppb)

Total Phosphate (PO4) 100 mg/l Nil Nil

Oil & Grease < 6 mg/l < 5 mg/l < 0.5 mg/l
Total Coliform 38000 Nil Nil
(Bacteria/Micro- colonies/100ml
organisms)
 Flow Schematic
Quick Lime (CaO)
Water
Soda Ash (Na2CO3)

Coagulant & Flocculent

Ca(OH)2

Source Water Cold Lime Clarified Media

Softener Ozonation Water UV
From SWWTP Filter
Tank

Filter Press
Package
Nano Ultra Ultra
Filtrate Filtration Filtered
Water Tank
Filtration

To Land Fill
SAC VACUUM DEAERATOR
BFW 30% Reject to Disposal
Tank
 Functions of Treatment Units
• Cold Lime Softener
1. Phosphate removal to insoluble Calcium Phosphate.

2. Removal of up to 25% of Ca++ and Mg++ hardness. The outlet clarified water contains less than 200 ppm Ca++.

 Hydrated Lime Ca(OH)2 is added to raise the pH to 10 in order for the desired chemical reactions for Phosphate removal and removal of hardness causing Ca++ and
Mg++ ions.

 Soda Ash (Na2CO3) is added to precipitate the Ca in Lime for its subsequent reaction with Phosphates (PO4) to form insoluble CaPO4 which settles to the bottom
and is then fed to the Filter Press.

 Other Desirable chemical reactions include:

1. CO2 reaction with hydrated Lime Ca(OH)2 to form insoluble CaCO3

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3↓ + H2O

2. Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2 react with hydrated Lime (Calcium Hydroxide) to form
insoluble CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 which settle

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO3↓ + 2H2O

Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → MgCO3 + 2H2O &

MgCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2↓+CaCO3↓

3. MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulfate) reacts with hydrated Lime to form insoluble Magnesium Hydroxide which settles and soluble CaSO4 which reacts with Soda Ash
Na2CO3 to form insoluble CaCO3 which settles and soluble NA2SO4 which does not contribute to hardness

MgSO4 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO4 + Mg(OH)2↓

CaSO4 + Na2CO3 → Na2SO4 + CaCO3↓
Water Filtration Systems
 Functions of Treatment Units
• Ozonator:
 Destroys over 95% of harmful Bacteria and organisms.

• Media Filtration Package:

 Contains Coal for removal of residual turbidity and suspended
solids.
• UV Unit:
 Destroys remaining harmful Bacteria and organisms.

• Ultra Filtration Package:

 Membrane with pore size of 0.01 to 0.1 micron.

 Removes high molecular weight substances (Silt) reducing Silt Index to less than 3 but
does not remove dissolved low molecular weight organics and ions such as Na +, Ca++,
Mg++, Cl-, SO4--
 Many microorganisms are removed but viruses remain

• Deaerator:
 Removes non condensables, namely Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
 Functions of Treatment Units

• Nano Filtration Package:

 Has a pore size of 0.01 to 0.001 micron
 Removes most organic molecules and nearly all viruses
 Reduces Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Hardness.

• Strong Acid Cation (SAC) Water Softener Package:

 Removal of scale-forming Cations with a removal efficiency
of more than 99.5%.
 Reduces Hardness to less than 0.50 ppm.

This represents the last treatment step of the Source Water.

The treated product water will meet the BFW specifications
for the OTSGs and is routed to the 2x50% BFW Storage Tanks