Mikrodenetleyiciler/

Mikrokontrolörler
(Microcontrollers)

Bu Sunu Büyük Ölçüde

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmvUY4S0UbI

Adresindeki Video İçeriği Kullanılarak Hazırlanmıştır.

 The Intel 4004, The First CPU (November 1971)
http://www.cpushack.com/CPU/cpu1.html
• The first single chip CPU was the Intel 4004, a 4-bit
processor meant for a calculator. It processed data in 4
bits, but its instructions were 8 bits long. Program and
Data memory were separate, 1K data memory and a 12-
bit PC for 4K program memory. There were also sixteen
4-bit (or eight 8-bit) general purpose registers.

• The 4004 had 46 instructions, using only 2,300 transistors

in a 16-pin DIP. It ran at a clock rate of 740 kHz.

• The 4040 (1972) was an enhanced version of the 4004,

adding 14 instructions, larger (8 level) stack, 8K program
space, and interrupt abilities.
 TI TMS 1000, The First Microcontroller (1974)
http://www.cpushack.com/CPU/cpu1.html
Texas Instruments (TI) followed the
Intel 4004/4040 closely with the 4-bit
TMS 1000, which was the first
microprocessor to include enough
RAM, and space for a program ROM,
and I/O support on a single chip to
allow it to operate without multiple
external support chips, making it the
first microcontroller.
Programming Levels of Microcontrollers
Abstraction (Soyutlama)
Abstraction (Soyutlama)
3-bit Flash ADC (Parallel ADC)
(3-bit Resolution)
Voltage Divider
(Gerilim Bölücü)

Comparators
(Karşılaştırıcılar)

Öncelikli Kodlayıcı

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_4/chpt_13/4.html
 Applications of Microcontrollers
• Consumer electronics
• cell phones, pagers, digital cameras, camcorders, video cassette recorders, portable video
games, calculators, and personal digital assistants
• Home appliances
• microwave ovens, answering machines, thermostat, home security, washing machines, and
lighting systems
• Office automation
• fax machines, copiers, printers, and scanners
• Business equipment
• cash registers, alarm systems, card readers, product scanners, and automated teller
machines
• Automobiles
• transmission control, cruise control, fuel injection, anti-lock brakes, and active suspension.
 Some Basic Criteria for Microcontroller Selection

Microcontroller should have:

• Descriptive reference documentation available
• Simple development environment
• Processing frequency higher than 8 MHz
• Digital, Analog and PWM pins available (How many of them?)
• Low voltage (operating voltage 3-5V )
• Affordable price (<$10.00)
• The necessary communication protocols (UART & SPI)

http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/seniordesign/fa2013sp2014/g08/finalPresentation.pptx
 MSP430FG4618 vs. ATmega328P
Features MSP430FG4618 ATmega328P-PU
Data Bus (core size) 16 bit 8 bit

Speed 8MHz 8MHz

Storage 16KB 32KB
Memory 8KB 2KB
Digital I/O 80 14
Analog I/O 12 6
Supply voltage 1.8 - 3.6V 1.8 - 5.5V
UART & SPI yes yes
Price /chip FREE (LQFP) FREE (DIP)

http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/seniordesign/fa2013sp2014/g08/finalPresentation.pptx