In this unit, you will

learn how fractions and

decimals are related to
ratios, proportions, and
percents, and how they
can be used to
describe real-life
probabilities.
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. . .

22 23
. .
24 25
. .
factor （ 因 子 ） : two or more
numbers that are multiplied
together to form a product.

Definition: Using the interior of a

closed curve on a plane to
represent a set, this type of
graph is called a Venn diagram.

A Venn diagram uses overlapping

circles to show the similarities and
differences of two groups of items.
Any item that is located where the
circles overlap has a
characteristic of both circles.
prime number （ 质
数 ） : a whole
number that has
exactly two factors, 1
and the number itself.
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Any fraction can be written as a decimal

using division.

Use a calculator
Use a calculator
 0

Use a calculator
Use a calculator
1. The number of navy socks is 10 less than the number of white socks.
2. The number of black socks is half that of white
socks.
3. The number of white socks accounts for 12/20
of the total number of socks.
Greatest common factor ( 最大公因子 ):
 Let's review what we learned in the last lesson.

2. Equivalent relationship
between pattern blocks.

4. Substitution in equal amounts.

Fractions can be written as percents. To write a fraction as a percent, write a
proportion and solve it.
Even ( 偶数 ) numbers are integers that are divisible by 2 and are mathematically expressed as: 2k

Odd ( 奇数 ) numbers
are integers that are not
divisible by 2 and are
mathematically
expressed as: 2k+1
 12

13

14
A fraction is in simplest form when the GCF of the numerator and denominator is 1.

12
.
16
.

17
.
To write a decimal as a percent, write the decimal as a fraction whose denominator is 100. Then write the
fraction as a percent.
To write a decimal as a percent, you can use this shortcut. Move the decimal point two places to the right,
which is the same as multiplying by 100

12 13
. .
18 19
. .
Review
Theoretical probability is the chance that some event will occur.
It is based on known characteristics or facts. You can use a ratio to find
probability.

Complementary events are two events in which either one or the other must happen, but
they cannot happen at the same time. An example is a coin landing on heads or not landing
on heads. The sum of the probabilities of complementary events is 1.

The set of all possible outcomes is called the sample space.

A tree diagram is a diagram that shows all possible outcomes of an event.

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28 28 28 28 28 28 28
2 3 4 5 6 7 4
28 28 28 28 28 28 28
5 6 7 8 6 7 8
28 28 28 28 28 28 28
9 8 9 10 10 11 12
28 28 28 28 28 28 28
Even ( 偶数 ) numbers are integers that are divisible by 2 and are mathematically expressed as: 2k
Odd ( 奇数 ) numbers are integers that are not divisible by 2 and are mathematically expressed as: 2k+1