HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE

GOVERNMENT

Adviser : Mr. Ver-Dan B. Anotado

 PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
 The pre-colonial period of the
Philippines had a rich political
landscape consisting of polities.
In strengthening societies was to
make alliances and networks
rather than territorial conquest
in expanding their political
power.
 When the Spaniards arrived n the
country, they learned the presence of
chieftains(Hari, Datu or sultan )in every
polity they encountered. They realized
that they need to persuade and build
collaboration later with this chiefdoms.
Ballano (2016) said that to understand
an Philippine government, is to
understand the branches of the
government( executive, legislative and
judiciary)
The three Branches of the
government
Executive branch- is the branch
of the government that executes laws
 Legislative branch- is the branch of
the government that creates laws
 Judiciary branch- is the branch of
the government that interprets the
laws including its penalties if it was
obstructed or disobeyed.
Spanish period
During the
Spanish period the three
branches of government are
still identifiable. Three
branches were also two
units of government
employed the central
government and the local
government.
Two units Branch
of
governm
ent
Central
government
Executive G
o
• Appointed by the king of Spain as his
v representative in the colony and with following
e
r
executive powers;
n 1.Commander in chief of the armed forces in the
o
r colony
g 2.It is the highest authority who can appoint the
e
n colonial officials and reserves the power to
e
r
remove them except those appointed the directly
a by the king.
l
Two units branch
of
governm
ent
Central
government
Executive G
o
3. Vice –royal patron or king’s representative with
v power to: recommend priest, declare war or
e
r
peace ,and appoint or receive ambassadors.
n 4. Administrator of the Marianas ,the Carolines and
o
r the Palaus as part of the Philippines during the
g Spanish time.
e
n 5. Chief justice/president of the royal
e
r
Audiencia(supreme court)
a
l
 judiciary Royal Stands as the supreme court of the Philippines during the Spanish
Audiencia times its decision was final except on cases of great importance
(supreme which could be appeal to the king of Spain
court)

Local executive Province, Province have two types :

government cities,towns,B the Alcadia(province where people recognized Spain’s possession over
arrios and the land)and Corigimento (province where people had not succumbed
pueblo to Spain’s Rulling power).
Issues of Spanish government in the Philippines
The growth of the Philippines as a colony of Spain ,from the time of the first governor- general Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi in 1569 up to the time before the 1986 revolution, is not commendable for Spaniards .

From 1586 – 1815, manila- Acapulco Gallon trade makes the Philippine(as a colony of Spain )the regional
center of trade in Southeast asia. Philippines exports gold wax ,cordage and cotton textiles . But it was
never an advantage on the part of Filipinos . Some reasons are enumerated as follows:
 Polo y Servicio – Filipinos works in the shipyards forcibly. They cut and transport timber to the coast and
construction of the galleons, but they receive less than the Spanish sailors . These the reason why
Pampanga revolt in 1660.
 Encomienda- it is a policy of rewards for performing crown servants of Spain in a colony like the
Philippines. It is taking over the portion of land and its population for purposes of tribute , census, and
workers.
 Bandala – the provincial commodity quota . Filipinos are obligated to produce the quota of goods but
paid at a very low price.
 THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
On August 30,1896,Spanish Governador-General
Ramon Blanco placed the eight provinces of
Philippines under martial law, namely Manila,
Bulacan ,cavite , Pampamga, Tarlac, Laguna,
Batangas, and Nueva Ejija. It was because of the
uprising of hundreds of rebels and katipuneros led
by Andres Bonifacio aiming for independence started
at the cry of Pugad lawin. Following Bonifacio’s
death in 1897, the katipunan was headed by Emilio
Aguinaldo. The war end it is because of pack of the
Biak- bato on December 15,1897. It was a trace
that brings Aguinaldo’s exile in Hong Kong. However
in 1889, war broke out between the United States of
America and Spain. Aguinaldo returned to the
Philippines together with the Americans signaling
the resumption of revolution against Spain on May
 THE AMERICAN PERIOD AND THE FIRST
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

 On August 13,1889, the Mock Battle of Manila between American and Spanish forces
happened. Emphasizing that it is a Mock battle because the engagement already been
planned to licensed America in their occupation to the country. It was a fact that in
treaty of Paris, America paid 20,000,000 to Spain in exchange for the Philippines. By
January 4,1899, American president Mckinley sends a special message to General Otis
stating American sovereignty must be recognized in the Philippines without conditions.
 Declaration of war between the Philippines and American happened. During days the
revolutionary Government was drafting the Malolos constitution until the inauguration
of the Republic on January 23,1899. Agocillo commented that the Malolos constitution
is the first important Filipino document even produced by the people’s representative.
It also has three distinct branches- the executive, Legistative, and the judiciary. Don
Emilio Aguinaldo elected as the first president of the republic of the Philippines with
all his cabinets and secretaries. Aguilnaldo was defeated and captural eventually in
Palawan, Cagayan. He remained president of the Philippines first republic until June
1901.
 AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

 The Military Government was a temporary Government establish by the American in the in Philippines at
first. It was until replaced with the Taft commission- started organizing local governments. But since
there were still places unpacified after Aguinaldo’s capture, some areas were placed under military
Governor. This time came when the U.S congress enacted the Philippines organic Act, which abolished
the office of the Military Governor but created the Philippine assembly Composed of elected Filipino
leaders. And the Taft commission in the Philippine commission became the upper house. The organic Act
served as the Philippine basic law until it was replaced by the 1935 constitution.
 THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT
AND THE SECOND REPUBLIC
 November 15,1935, was the inauguration of the Philippine commonwealth
Government .America promised the Philippines liberation only if they are ready.
It all Started with the Jones law of 1916. There were missions deployed to the
U.S To lobby for independence. The constitution of the commonwealth
established a presidential system of Government. A unicameral legislature but
was then replaced with the Bicameral legistative in 1940.
 As the Filipinos were hoping for independence, the second world war broke out
on December 8, 1941. The aggressive Japanese tried to invade the Philippines.
That promoted President Manuel L. Quizon with his cabinet left for the United
States. While the President was on exile, the commonwealth Government
Functioned to represent the country continually outside the country. During the
war, some Filipino elite leaders collaborated extensively with the Japanese in
their harsh exploitation of the country. The first president of the second Republic
DR. Jose P. Laurel.
 while the Japanese thought of winning the war, Filipino organized into groups
called guerillas and once again join forces with the Americans. The largest
guerilla group formed was called HUKBALAHAP. Philippines and the Americans
were victorious. The world war II Ended. However, unexpectedly the Americans
disarmed and imprisoned Luis Taruc and other leaders and members of the HuK.
THIRD REPUBLIC OF THE PROBLEM AND ISSUES ACTION
PHILIPPINES
1. The Roxas • Facing the aftermath • Reorganized the government
administration (may of war -established the rehabilitation finance corporation
28,1946-april 15- • Severe damage in all (re-organized as the development bank of the
1948) aspect of human Philippines in 1958)
He was elected condition • Creation of the Department foreign affairs
as the third president of • Central Bank of the Philippines
the Philippines
commonwealth, first
president of the
independent republic of
the Philippines and the
fifth president of the
Philippines .
2. The Quirino Administration
(April 17, 1948-December
30,1953)
• Low confidence in the
government (insurgency )and
problems on peace and order
due to socio-economic
problems especially in rural
areas (labor disputes )
• Established the action
committee on social
amelioration
• Established the social security
study commission
• Established the labor
management advisory board
• Agricultural credit and
cooperative financing
administration
• Started the peace negotiation
to persuade HUKBALAHAP
leaders by Granting amnesty
• EDCOR
• LASEDECO
3. The Magsaysay Administration
(December 30,1953-March
17,1957)
• Communism and insurgency
(HUKBALAHAP)
• Land reform problems
• Lack of funding for
rehabilitation from damage of
WWII
• Agricultural Tenancy act of the
Philippines
• The land reform act of 1955
• Court of Agrarian Relation
• National Resettlement and
rehabilitation administration
(NARRA)
• Manila pact of 1954 that led to
the establishment of the
(SEATO)
• Luis Taruk surrender in 1954
• The Laurel-Langley Agreement
4. The Garcia • Not good condition of economy • “Filipino First Policy”
Administratio • Corruption in government • “Austerity Program”
n (March • Embalance condition of product imports and export • Anti Graft corrupt practices act
18,1957- • Bohlen-Serrano agreement of
December 1959
30,1961)
5. The Macapagal • Low living standard • Agricultural land reform code (in act establishing the
Administration(Decemb of the masses Land Bank of the Philippines
er 30,1961-December • Lack of economic • Emergency employment administration (established the
30,1965) stability Philippine veterans bank )
• Unemployment • National cottage industries development authority
• Devaluation of the • Philippine National Railway
Philippine peso • Lifted foreign exchancge to promote national economic
• Revocation of 350 stability and growth
midnight
appointment
6. The Marcos Administration
(December 30, 1965- February
25,1986)
A. Became the first President of
the fourth republic and the
tenth
B. President of the Philippines
He is the longest serving
president
• Unemployment
• Destabilized economy
• Rampant corruption in the
government and abused of
authority and power
• Increase crime rates (before
martial law ) due to poverty
• Re –organized the government
and armed Forces, the
Philippine constabulary, the
Bureau of internal revenue,
and the Bureau of customs
• Device construction program
and irrigation project
• Establishment of the cultural
Center of the Philippines
(1969)
• Investments
• Incentive Act
• Police Act
• Philippine coast guard
FOURTH REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
1. The Corazon C. Aquino • Political turmoil • Commissioned act
Administration • Displeased citizen referendum that would be
A. Second president of the • Shortage / rampant the framework of the new
fourth republic brownouts government (1987
B. First president of the fifth constitution )
republic • Privatization
• Land Reform
• Free secondary schooling
FIFTH REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPINES
2. President Fidel V Ramos • Poverty • Social Reform agenda
a. 2nd President of the Fifth • Moro insurgency • Build –operate transport
republic • MNLF peace Agreement
3. Joseph E. Estrada • Poverty • MILF all out War
a. 3rd president of the 5th republic • Moro insurgency • ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP
b. Was impeached in November • Impeachement • Anti – graft and corruption
12,2000 campaign
4. Gloria M. Arroyo
c. 4th president of the 5th
republic
d. The constitution allows the
president to run for a second
term since was sworn into
office by succession and serve
in less than four years
• Political unrest • All out peace
• Terrorism • Declared martial law in the
• Electoral fraud scandal region of Mindoro
• Charter Change controversial
plan recession

5. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III
e. 5th president of the 5th
republic
• National leadership legitimacy was in
question ;
• Confused people with half – truths
and outright lies
• No lasting solution for the mini
problem of the country
• Weak democratic institution that hold
our leaders accountable
• No vision of governance beyond
political survival and self –
enrichment. Political instability –
corruption in efficient government
bureaucracy and weak rule of law
characterized the state of governance
when he became president
(Philippine development plan 2011 -
2016 chapter.
• Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4ps )
• Universal Phil heath
coverage(financial risk
protection )
• Enhance basic education (k-
12 Program)
• Comprehensive agrarian
reform Program
• Housing program for informal
settler families endanger
areas
• Matuwid na daan
THANK YOU
WRITE TRUE OR FALSE.WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE
SPACE PROVIDED .
1.) FILIPINOS HAVE NO POLITICAL STRUCTURE BEFORE THE SPANISH COLONIZATION.
2).CHIEFTAINS LIKE DATU OR RAHA, EXERCISES GREAT CONTROL OVER ITS TERRITORY.
3).CHIEFTAINS ARE THE SAME AS GOBERNADORCILLOS.
4).IS OUR CURRENT GOVERNMENT UNDER THE 4TH REPUBLIC
5).PRESIDENT MANUEL L. QUIZON IS THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT FIRST PRESIDENT.
6.)THE THREE IMPORTANT MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT WERE OPERATIONAL DURING THE TIME OF DATU
SUMAKTEL.
7.)VICE-ROYAL PATRON IS REFERRING TO THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF THE LAND.
8.)ROYAL AUDENCIA IS THE SUPREME COURTH DURING THE AMERICAN TIME.
9.)GOVERNOR-GENERAL MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI ORDERED THE EXECUTION OF ANDRES BONIFACIO.
10.) CAWIT,CAVITE WAS THE PLACE WHERE AGUINALDO SURRENDERED TO THE AMERICAN.