Philiphine Politics and Governace

CIVIL SOCIETY
AND SOCIAL
MOVEMENT
Subject Teacher:
Ver-Dan Anotado
 Learning Objectives
1. Define civil society and social movement.
2. Examine the concept of civil society
societies/organization and social movements.
3. Evaluate the functions and roles of civil society
organization and social movement.
4. Compare and contrast the features of civil society
organization and social movements.
5. Recognize the contribution of civil society
organization and social movements to Philippine
democracy.
What is Civil
Society?
According to Lederach (2001) civil society is a
web of human relationships made individual
people, their networks, organizations, and
in situations around which social and
community life is built.
- Is a termed by the united nations (UN) as a
third sector of society, along with the
government and business. It comprise civil
society organizations and non-governmental
organizations.
Types of Civil Society Organizations

1 Religious
Organizations
Civil Society

..
-they do not necessarily
promote worship, but they are more
or less liked to given a religion and
they act following a religious precept.
ciety
Civil so l move
-Their field intervention and soc
ia
include education, health, emergency,
relief, and basic needs assistance. A
good example of this is the
Philippine red cross.
2 Community-Based Civil Society Organizations

-They are local, based on

solidarity, resources sharing and
community building.
-Their prime is focus is on
development(e.g. banks); housing
(e.g the Urban Land Reform Task
Force in the Philippine's); social
services; civil and legal assistance;
and culture and recreation.
3 Philantrophic Civil Society Organizations.

-these organizations serve a

cause without any religious
affiliation. They are mostly
based on values such as
generosity and humanism.
-they include private and
business foundation and
independent non-government
organizations (NGOs).
4 Expert Civil Society Organizations
-They act a new fields that
require some scientific
knowledge (e.g. environment
and finance).

-They are not exclusively

composed of experts and
scientists but they claim to
have an expertise unit and they
publish some technical reports
(e.g. Greenpeace international).
5 Business Civil Society Organizations

-These include business and industry non-

governmental organizations (BINGO) which defend a
given firm’s or industry’s interests.
6 Government-oriented Civil Society
Organization
- These are independent civil
organizations, which are more or
less influenced and controlled by
national authorities.
-These are development in
individual Asian countries,
particularly in china
 7 Trade Union
-Theseare organizations, whose
Purposes:
a. Negotiate wages and
working condition
terms
memebership consists of workers and
b. Regulate relations
union leaders, united to protect and between workers and
promote their common interests. the employer
TYPES: c. Take collective
a. Company action to enforce ther
unions (house
b. General union c. craft union
terms of collective
union) bargaining
(industrial union)
d. Raise new demands
-represent interests
-represents workers -represent on behalf of its
of only one
from several skilled workers in members
company and may
companies in the a particular field e. Help settle thier
not have any
same industry. such as carpentry grievances
connection with
or welding.
other unions.
Functions and Contributions or Civil Organizations

1. Protection of Citizenship

-This basic function of civil

society consists of protecting
lives, freedom and property
against attacks and depotism by
the state or other authorities. It
goes back to locke.
2. Monitoring for Accountability
-This function consists the activities
of the central powers, state apparatus
and government.

-This is also a way of controlling

central authorities and holding them to
account.

-Monitoring can refer to various

issues, such as human rights, public
spending, corruption, and primary
school enrolments. The function is
based on Montesquieu's separation of
powers, but is enhanced by
development cooperation perspectives.
3. Advocacy and Public Communication
-Civil society has an
important task to articulate
intersts- especially of
marginalized groups- and to
create channels of
communication to bring them
to the public agenda, thus
raising public awareness and
debating them.

-In development cooperation

this Harbermasian function is
mainly described as advocacy.
4. Socialization
-With its rich associational life
civil society contributes to the
formation and practice of
democratic attitudes among
citizens.
-Thus people learn to develop
tolerance, mutual trust and the
ability to find compromise by
democratic procedures.
-Thus, democracy is ensured
not only by legal institutions but
by citezens, habits.
5. Building Community
-engagement and participation in
voluntary associations also has the
potential to strengthen bonds
among citizens, i.e., building social
capital.
-in cases where the associations
include members from other ethnic
or social groups it also bridges
societal cleavages and adds to
social cohesion.
6. Intermediation and Facilitation Between
Citizens and State

-Civil society and its

organizations fulfill the role of
balancing the power of and
negotiating with the state by
establishing diverse relations
(communication, negotiate,
control) of various interest groups
or independent institutions to the
state.
7. Service Delivery
-The direct provision of services
to the citizens forms an
important part of the activities of
civil society associates , e.g. self
help groups. Especially, in case
where the state is weak it
becomes a basic activity to
provide shelter, health or
education.
What is Social Movement?
-Social movement have been
making mark in our history since the
colonial period up to present time.
- A social movement is a collective
effort to promote or prevent social
change so that a new order of social
change. A large number of people
act together with some degree of
leadership and organization.
Three Major Elements of Social Movement;

1. Campaigns
–organized public effort making collective
of target authorities.

2. Repertoire
-involves employment combinations from
political actions; creation of special purpose
associations and coalitions, public meetings,
solemn processors, vigils, rallies,
demonstrations, petition drives, statements
to and in public media, and pamphleteering.
3. WUNC Display-
-There is participants’ concerted public
representations of worthiness, unity, numbers, and
communications on the part of themselves/
constituencies.
The Development of Social
Movements
-Most frequently occur in complex and non-totalitarian
societies.
-This evolves through a series of stages as a pre-
condition of development in any type of behaviour
and this are follows;

1. Social Unrest-
-This state is normally characterized by
unfocused restlessness and increasing disorder. Most
often, the prospective participants are not aware that
the other people share the same feeling and concern.
2. Popular Excitement
-during this period, people
with similar concerns begin to
establish rapport with one
another and openly and
vehemently express their anger
and restless.

3. Formalization
-Is developed and
institutionalized during this
stage. Rules, policies and
strategies are clearly laid out.
4. Institutionalization
In this stage, it becomes integrated into society
and permanent office and pesonnel to continue its
efforts for bringing about social change.
 TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
In the last few decades, a number of social movements is developed. Each
other one involves a collective efforts to bring about social change and
establish a new order.
Social movements arise to oppose the traditional culture and the others
to maintain it.
a. Reactionary
-reacts negatively to whatever change will destroy the
preservation of the existing values.
b. Conservative
-aims to protect the status qou and social order.
c. Reform
-seeks to modify specific types of social change.
d. Revolutionary
-seeks to change the whole social order as a means of
creating a new one.
A. According to Scope

1. Reform Movements
-They seek to modify specific types of
social change in various areas of life such as
political, economic, social, cultural, and
religious dimensions without destroying or
changing the entire system.
These includes (a). a trade union with a goal of
increasing the rights of laborers; (b). a green
movements that advocate setting of ecological
laws. (c). Movement of supporting the
implementation of capital punishment.
B. Acording to Change
1. Innovation Movements
-They iam to introduce or
change particular norms and values.
The singularitianism movement that
asvocates measured action to effect and
ensure the safety of the technological
singularity is a good example.

2. Conservative Movements
-These movements
strongly resist change because
they want to protect the status
qou or existing order.
C. According to Targets
1. Group-Focused Movements
-They fixed on moving groups
or society in general like advocating
change in the country’s poitical
system. Most of the members join a
political party but still many remain
outside the reformist party political
system.

2. Individual-Focused Movement
-They are foocused on affecting
the individuals. The different
religious movements are
categorized.
D. According to Methods of Works
1. Peaceful Movements
-They are non-violent.
Their means of protest are
diplomatic and they
campaign for non-violent
resistance.
2. Violent Movements
-Members of these
type usually resort to violent
means of protesting and
campaigning. They are
somewhat revolutionary.
E. According to Age
1. Old Movements
-these movements
have existed for many years
or even centuries. Most of the
oldest recognized movements
have existed since the late.
2. New Movements
-These movements
came into realization just at
the turn of the second half of
the 20th century.
F. According to Range
1. Global Movements
-these are movements
whose objectives and goals
are globally. They pursue
change at a global level. (ex;
first international
environment world social
forum movements.
2. Local Movements
-These movements are
local in terms of scope. They
are focused on the local or
regional objectives like
protecting a natural park or
Civil Society in the Philippines
-Civil society in the Philippines is provided in the 1987
Philippine Constitutions including but not limited to:
a. ”The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-
based, or sector organizations that promote the welfare of nation.”-
Article II, Section 23.
b. ”The state shall respect the role of independent people’s
organizations to enable the people to pursue and protect, within the
democratic framework, their legitimate and collective interests and
aspirations through peaceful and lawful means.”-Article XIII, Section
15.
c.” The right of people and their organizations to effective and
reasonable participation at all levels of social, political, and
economic decision-making shall not be abridge. The state by law,
facilitate the establishment of adequate consultation and
mechanics.”-Article XIII, Section 15.
Listed below are some of the CSOs found in
the Philippines and their focus, objective
and advocates
1.Association of Foundations (1972)-it advocates
education, culture, science and technology, governance,
social development, environment, and sustainable
development.
2.Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in
East Asia and the Pacific (2008)-it promotes the practice
of social accountability that capitalizes on existing in-
country networks working in governance reform.
3. Asian NGOs Coalition for Agrarian Reform
and Rural Development (1979)
-it is focused on food security, agrarian
reform, sustainable agriculture, participatory
governance, and rural development.
4.Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (1985)
-It fights for national and social liberation
against imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic
capitalism. It advocate for nationalistic and
democratic needs of the people through legal an
militant forms of struggle.
5. Caucuss of Development NGO Network (1991).
-It represents more that 1,600 development
NGOs, people’s organizations, and cooperatives
nationwide.

6. National Confederation of Cooperatives (1977).

-It is composed of around 1.6 million

individual members coming from several
cooperative federations and around 406 rural-
based and urban-based cooperatives.
7. National Secretarist of Social Development (1949)
-It was considered the first NGO network given
license and accreditation by the government for
community-based programs for children and families.

8. National Secretariat of Social Action-Justice and

Peace (1966)
-It was created by the catholic bishops’ Conference of the
philippines (CBCP). It focuses on poverty allevation,
democratic governance, ecology and integrity of creation,
peace, and development.
 9. NGO Forum on ADB (1991)
-Its main objective is to make the ADB responsible and
accountable for the impacts of its own projects and policies.

10. Philippine NGO Council on Publication, Health Welfare (1987)

-It promotes reproductive health, gender equity and equality,
women’s rights and development, non-formal education, sustainable
development, and HIV/AIDS prevention and care.

11. Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human

Resources in Rural Areas (1983).
-It is involved in community organization and the provision of
health, education, and livelihood services to marginalized groups in the
countryside.
Social Movement in Philippine History
Social movement have been making mark in our history
since the colonial period up to the present time.

1. Philippine Social movement Before Martial Law

-During the Spanish

colonial period, political
resistance against the existing
order was expressed trough the
priest-led revolts and the
millenarian movements
2. Social Movements During the Martial Law
-During martial law, social
movements continue to perpetuate
but this time they took a different
from on how they framed issues as
well as the strategic they used.
3. Social Movement After the Martial Law up to the
Present Administration
-Social movements are
reminders that poverty and
socioeconomic equalities continue to
linger, not only in the Philippine
society, but on other countries as
well.
 Thank you
and God bless
Everyone
The functions/Roles of Civil Society Organizations and
Social Movements
Function/Roles

Civil Society
Social Movements
Organization
The Different Types of Social Movements

Types of Social
Movements
Assessment 1.
direction: Analyze each statement below. Write True if it is correct.
Otherwise False. Pace your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Civil society organizations and

social movements help bring about
social change.

2. The people power EDSA revolution

was successful in removing Ferdinand
Marcos and his cohorts, from power.
3. All social movements are pro-change or
promoters of societal betterment.

4. Interest groups are not synonymous

with social movements.

5. Civil society is independent from the

state, but its oriented towards and
interacts closely with the state and political
sphere.
6. Decline always means failure for social
movements.

7. The direct provision of services to the

citizens forms an important part of the
activities of civil society associations.

8. The different religious movements are

categorized under group-focused movement.
9. Civil society organizations in the Philippines are
among the most vibrant and advanced in the
world.

10. Both social movements and civil society have

structures like organizations, a well identified
leadership and ideology.

11. Bureaucratization is also known as popular

stage, and is characterized by a more clearly
defined sense of discontent.
12. The leaders, with the help of the
members, develop the ideology, symbols, and
slogans that will create awareness to keep
the movement alive happen during the
institutionalization stage.

13. Social movements nowadays are more

active in the virtual world through social
media.
14. Members of the communist party of the
Philippines and the new people’s army as
radicals because they want to eliminate the
capitalist structure of the society are
classified as radicals.

15. Reactionaries favour a policy that would

return society to previous condition or even a
former value system.