NUTRITION IN PLANTS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
OBJECTIVES:-
 DISTINGUISH BETWEEN HETEROTROPHIC AND AUTOTROPHIC
NUTRITION
 DESCRIBE PHOTOSYNTHESIS AS THE PROCESS BY WHICH GREEN
PLANTS MANUFACTURE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES FROM INORGANIC
ONES
 RELATE THE STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF TO ITS FUNCTION IN
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 KNOW THE CHEMICAL EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 KNOW THE LIGHT AND DARK STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 DISCUSS THE LIMITING FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 KNOW THE ADAPTATIONS OF THE LEAF FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF MINERALS IN PLANT NUTRITION
 NUTRITION
THIS IS THE ABILITY OF AN
ORGANISM TO TAKE IN
SUBSTANCES AND UTILIZE
THESE SUBSTANCES FOR
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND
FOR ENERGY TO DO WORK
 TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW
 AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION:- THIS
REFERS TO THAT TYPE OF NUTRITION
WHERE LIVING ORGANISMS PRODUCE
THEIR OWN FOOD BY USING INORGANIC
MOLECULES SUCH AS CARBON-DIOXIDE
AND WATER TO MAKE ORGANIC
MOLECULES ,SUCH AS GLUCOSE.
PLANTS ,ALGAE AND SOME BACTERIA
ARE AUTOTROPHS
 TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW
 HETEROTROTROPHIC NUTRITION:-
INVOLVES FEEDING ON OTHER
ORGANISMS TO OBTAIN ORGANIC
MOLECULES WHICH ARE THEN BROKEN
DOWN INTO SIMPLE SOLUBLE
MOLECULES. ANIMALS,FUNGI AND
SOME BACTERIA ARE HETEROTROPHS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis and the Teeny Tiny Pigment Pancakes.mp4

 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 THIS IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH
GREEN PLANTS MANUFACTURE
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
(STARCH,GLUCOSE) FROM
INORGANIC SUBSTANCES SUCH AS
WATER AND CARBON-DIOXIDE IN
THE PRESENCE OF LIGHT.
 CHEMICAL EQUATION


 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 THIS PROCESS OCCURS CHIEFLY IN THE
CHLOROPHYLL THAT IS SITUATED IN THE
CHLOROPLAST,CONSISTING OF STACKS
OF MEMBRANE CALLED THYLAKOIDS AND
A FLUID –FILLED MATRIX CALLED THE
STROMA, OF THE LEAF.CARBON –
DIOXIDE AND WATER IS COMBINED IN THE
PRESENCE OF LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE
GLUCOSE.
 STAGES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
THERE ARE TWO MAIN STAGES IN
PHOTOSYNTHESIS WHICH TAKES PLACE
IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE
CHLOROPLASTS. THEY ARE
THE LIGHT DEPENDENT STAGE &
LIGHT INDEPENDENT STAGE/ DARK
STAGE
LIGHT DEPENDANT OR LIGHT STAGE
HERE LIGHT ENERGY IS REQUIRED FOR THE
FIRST PART OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. THE
CHLOROPHYLL ABSORBS THE RADIANT
LIGHT ENERGY FROM THE SUN.THIS
REACTION TAKES PLACE AT THE
THYLAKOIDS,WHERE CHLOROPHYLL IS
FOUND. IN THIS STAGE, THE LIGHT ENERGY
IS USED TO SPLIT THE WATER MOLECULE TO
FORM HYDROGEN IONS.THE OXYGEN IS
THEN GIVEN OFF THROUGH THE STOMATA
OR USED IN RESPIRATION AS SHOWN IN THE
 LIGHT INDEPENDENT OR DARK
STAGE
 THE HYDROGEN THAT IS PRODUCED IN
THE LIGHT STAGE ARE USED TO
REDUCE THE CARBON-DIOXIDE TO
FORM THE ORGANIC COMPOUND
SUCH AS SUGAR OR STARCH.THIS
REACTION TAKES PLACE IN THE
STROMA.
THE EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A LEAF

Leaf margin
/edge
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF
 ADAPTATIONS OF THE LEAF FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 IN ORDER FOR THE LEAF TO EFFICIENTLY CARRY OUT THE PROCESS
OF PHOTOSYTNTHESIS IT POSSESSES CERTAIN ADAPTATIONS
WHICH INCLUDES:
 1) THEY ARE BROAD,FLAT AND HAVE A BROAD SURFACE AREA FOR
THE MAXIMUN ABSORPTION OF LIGHT.
 2) THIN- THE DISTANCE ACROSS WHICH CO2 CAN DIFFUSE IS SHORT
 3) NUMEROUS STOMATA ON THE LOWER EPIDERMIS ALLOWS FOR
THE EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE OF GASES WITH THE ATMOSPHERE
 4) PALISADE CELLS ARE ELONGATED AND CONTAIN MANY
CHLOROPLAST FOR THE MAXIMUM ABSORPTION OF LIGHT ENERGY
 5)THE BRANCHY NETWORK OF VEINS READILY SUPPLIES WATER TO
THE PHOTOSYNTHESISING CELLS
 6) THE LAYERS OF THE MESOPHYLL LAYER PROVIDE AN EASY
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 LIGHT INTENSITY:- INCREASED LIGHT INTENSITY WILL
INCREASE THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION:- INCREASED CO2
CONCENTRATION WILL INCREASE THE RATE OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 TEMPERATURE:- INCREASED TEMPERATURE WILL INCREASE
THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS.TEMPERATURES USUALLY
ABOVE 4O DEGREES CELCIUS WILL DECREASE THE RATE OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND EVENTUALLY STOP THE PROESS.
WHY???
 WATER SUPPLY:- IF THERE IS NO WATER, THE STOMATA
CLOSES THEN THERE WOULD BE NO GASEOUS EXCHANGE
THUS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS CEASES
IMPORTANCE OF MINERALS IN PLANT
NUTRITION
 FOR HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT,PLANTS REQUIRE
MINERAL NUTRIENTS SUCH AS
NITROGEN,PHOSPHOROUS,POTASSIUM,CALCIUM,MAGNESIUM
AND SULPHUR
 THEY ARE FOUND DISSOLVED IN THE SOIL SOLUTION AND ARE
ABSORBED THROUGH THE ROOTS OF THE PLANTS
 NITROGEN PROVIDES THE PLANTS WITH NITRATES FOR
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
 MAGNESIUM IS REQUIRED FOR THE FORMATION OF
CHLOROPHYLL
 DEFICIENCY OF THESE MINERALS RESULT IN POOR GROWTH
AND YELLOW LEAVES
 FERTILISERS ARE USUALLY ADDED TO THE SOIL TO PROVIDE
SUFFICIENT ESSENTIAL MINERALS
 LABS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 DRAW AND LABEL THE EXTERNAL
FEATURES OF A LEAF (Practice
Drawing)
 TO TEST A LEAF FOR STARCH