Data modeling

IGCSE Lesson
 Introduction
• You need to know how to carry out simple tasks In Excel
• You must know how to apply functions in Excel
• Lookup function & if function are the most famous functions in this
section
• Absolute and relative references need to be mastered
 Cell reference
• This is the name of a cell
• The vertical ones are referred to as
Column and they are letters
• The horizontal ones are referred to
as Row and they are numbers
• Column comes before row
• For example: F9
 Cell range
• This is a range of cells.
• More than one cell has been
selected.
• A range will be typically used
when you are calculating
values from a number of cells.
• The cells range C3 – C11 are
represented as IamHere
 Cell formatting
• There are number for cell formatting you might be asked to perform
• This include
• Alignment
• Cell merging
• Cell size
• Text color
• Shading
• Border
• And lots more
Cell formatting
 Hide and Show
• To hide/show Rows or Columns you
need to right click on either the
column letter or row number.
• You then need to select hide/show.
• If you have hidden the C Column
then you would have to select the B
& D columns to unhide the C
column.
Header and Footer
Creating Graph
Sample questions
 Formular
• Formulas can be used to work out simple calculations
• A formula will begin with a = (equal sign)
• You can create simple formulas to:
• ADD (+)
• Multiply (*)
• Subtract (-)
• Divide (/)
• Even if you update the numbers in the cell the formula will
automatically work out the new value.
 Functions
• Functions are predefined formulas and are already available in Excel.\
• There are lots of them
• The most famous functions are
• MAX()
• IF()
• MIN()
• Average()
• VLOOKUP()
• COUNT()
• And lots more
 Absolute Reference & Relative Reference

• When the cell reference is

constant, then we use absolute

reference

• Absolute reference preceded by

dollar sign ($)

 Absolute Reference & Relative Reference

• When the cell reference is NOT

constant, then we use relative

reference

• Relative reference is just a

normal Excel calculation

 Sum function
• SUM () adds the numbers in
the cell together
 Count functions
• The count function will only
Count the cells.
• Do not get confused with
Sum
• Count()
• count the cells within the
range that contain only
numbers.
• CountA()
• count all the cells within the
range that are not empty
 Countif()

• Countif()

• This function will count the cells which

contains a specific criteria from the range

• Some times you may have to count all

cells apart from a certain criteria.

• For example: count everything except Marsya:

• countif(Range, “<>Marsya”)
 Countif()
• Some times you may have
to use the following to find
a specific criteria:
• < - less than
• > - more than
• = - equal to
• For example:
=countif(range,”>=2012”)
 Count() summaries

• Count(Range) - This will count a range of cells which only includes numbers.

• CountA(Range,Criteria) - This will count all the cells which are not empty.

• Countif(Range,Criteria) - This will count a range of cells which includes a specific

criteria.

• Countif(Range,”<>Criteria”) – This will count everything apart from the specific

criteria
 Sumif()

• A sumif will only sum (add)

up from a specific criteria

(condition) from the

sum_range.
 Averageif()

• A averageif will work out

the average from a specific

criteria (condition) from the

average_range.
 IF()

• this function is very famous and

tricky to understand

• It consist of 3 parts:

• Logical part

• True statement

• False statement
 Nested If()

• A nested if will contain more than one

true statement.

• The Nested if will check the first logical

Test. If the first test is false then it will

check the next logical test. If both tests

are false then the false value will be

shown.
 Vlookup() and Hlookup

• Using VLOOKUP is similar to looking

• HLOOKUP works
up a person’s name in a telephone

book to get a telephone number.

horizontally. You will be

• VLOOKUP looks at a value in one required to select the row

column, and finds its corresponding
rather than a column for a
value on the same row in another

column.
VLOOKUP.
 Validation
• Data Validation prevents invalid data from being entered into a cell.
• For example, you could reject invalid dates or numbers greater than a
given value.
• You can also force input to be chosen from a dropdown list of values
you specify.