Internet Addressing

 What are Internet addresses?

 Why do we need them?
 How are they used?
Universal Identifiers
 Universal Communication System
 Host Identifiers
- names- what an object is?
- Addresses – where it is?
- Routes – how to get there?
 Lower level representation of host identifiers
Addressing

Addressing

Physical
Logical Addressing
Addressing

IPv4 IPv6 MAC Address

(48 bits)
IP Address or Internet Address
 Abstraction only understood by software
 Independent of hardware addressing
 TCP/IP Choose scheme
- 32 bit integer address called IP address or
internet address
- Encodes identification of network
IPv4
 32 bit Logical Address
 4 Octet
 0-255 (every octet have maximum or minimum
value)
 IP Address Network ID + Host ID

192 168 39 240 Decimal

8 bits 8bits 8bits 8bits Binary
Classful Addressing Scheme
- Initial bits determine class: A, B, C, D, E
- Prefix identifies a network: Network ID number
- Suffix identifies a host/router: Host ID number
- Class determines boundary between prefix & suffix
- Global authority assigns unique prefix to network
- Local administrator assigns prefix &/ unique suffix

Class Prefix/Netid Suffix/Hostid

Classful Addressing Scheme
Classes
 Class A : 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0
 Class B : 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0
 Class C : 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0
 Class D : 224 – 239 (Multicast)
 Class E : 240 – 255 (Research purpose)