ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES:

LESSON 2:
ACADEMIC TEXT
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY (MELC)

• Differentiate the language used in

academic texts from various disciplines
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-2).
 Text Structure

Text structure refers to how the

information within a written text is
organized.
 Text Structure

It helps you understand that a

text might present a main idea and
details; a cause and then its effects;
and/or different views of a topic
 Text Structure

It helps you in identifying and

analyzing text structures to navigate
the various structures presented
within nonfiction and fiction texts.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE

• Descriptive
• Cause and Effect
• Comparison and Contrast
• Order/Sequence
• Problem and Solution
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
DESCRIPTIVE

• It features a detailed description of

something to give the reader a
mental picture.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
DESCRIPTIVE

• SIGNAL WORD: characteristic are,

to illustrate, also, one example, in
addition
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
DESCRIPTIVE
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CAUSE AND EFFECT

• It presents the causal relationship

between a specific event, idea, or
concept and the events, ideas, or
concept that follow.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CAUSE AND EFFECT

• SIGNAL WORD:as a result of,

because of, thus, for theses reasons
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CAUSE AND EFFECT
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

• It examines the similarities and

differences between two or more
people, events, concepts, ideas, etc.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

• SIGNAL WORD: like, in contrast,

similar to, while, as opposed to,
whereas
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
CONTRAST AND COMPARISON
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
ORDER/SEQUENCE

• It gives readers a chronological of

events or a list of steps in a
procedure.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
ORDER/SEQUENCE

• SIGNAL WORD: first, second, last,

next, then, before, another
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
ORDER/SEQUENCE
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

• It sets up a problem or problems,

explains the solution, and then
discusses the effects of the solution
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

• SIGNAL WORD: the problem is, the

solution is, the difficulty is
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE:
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION