COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Presented by –
Neha N Hipparagi 2GI21IS066
Ashwini B Badiger 2GI21IS064
CONTENT

 Introduction
 Types of communicable diseases
 Definition (COVID-19)
 Modes of transmission
 Signs and Symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
 COVID 19: long term effects
 Prevention and control
 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION

 Communicable diseases
are illnesses caused by viruses
or bacteria that people spread
to one another through contact
with contaminated surfaces,
bodily fluids, blood products,
insect bites, or through the air.
 TYPES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

 Many different agents that enter our bodies from the outside are the source of communicable diseases. Among these,
viruses, bacteria, fungus, and protozoa are the four main categories of pathogens that cause disease.
WHAT IS COVID-19?

 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

is an infectious disease caused by the
SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people
infected with the virus will experience
mild to moderate respiratory illness
and recover without requiring special
treatment.
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
 Direct Transmission
 Person to person
 Droplet Transmission
 Spread by skin
 Spread through body fluids or
blood
 Indirect Transmission
 Airborne transmission
 Contaminated Objects
 Vector-Borne Diseases
 Food and Drinking Water
 Transmission through animals
 Environmental factors
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Each infectious disease has its own specific signs and symptoms. General signs and symptoms common to a number
of infectious diseases include:
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Muscle aches
• Coughing
• Sneezing
• Loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Difficulty in breathing
DIAGNOSIS

 Chest X-ray (CXR) and Computed tomography (CT) are the

most powerful radiological imaging tools for diagnosing
COVID-19 related pneumonia. Due to false-negative results
reported from RT-PCR in some cases, CT scan has proven to
be more sensitive for COVID-19 diagnosis than RT-PCR
TREATMENT

 Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics.

 You can manage most viral infections with over-the-counter medications.
 Fungal infections can be treated with antifungal medications.
 Parasites can be treated with antiparasitic drugs, such as mebendazole.
COVID 19-LONG TERM EFFECTS
The most commonly reported symptoms of post-
COVID-19 syndrome include:
•Fatigue
•Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental
effort
•Fever
•Lung (respiratory) symptoms, including difficulty
breathing or shortness of breath and cough
Other possible symptoms include:
•Neurological symptoms or mental health conditions,
•including difficulty thinking or concentrating,
headache, sleep problems,
dizziness when you stand,pins-and-needles feeling,
loss of smell or taste, and depression or anxiety
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

 Vaccination
 Social distance
 Personal hygiene
 Wearing masks
 yoga is the best thing to adopt as a lifestyle habit. It helps us
build a strong physical, mental and spiritual health system.
 It has been shown that meditation can potentially decrease the
risk of acquiring cold and flu by improving physiological
function and quality of life.
 Yogic breathing techniques improve respiratory and cardiac
function.
CONCLUSION

 COVID-19 has presented unprecedented challenges to

the world. Understanding the modes of transmission,
signs and symptoms, preventive measures, diagnosis,
treatment and global impact and response are essential to
curb the spread of virus.