Similarity and Symmetry in

Geometry
Understanding the Concepts with
Examples
 Introduction to Similarity
• Similarity is a concept in geometry where two
shapes have the same shape but different
sizes. Similar shapes have proportional sides
and equal corresponding angles.
 Example of Similarity
• Consider two triangles that are similar. The
corresponding sides of these triangles are
proportional. If one triangle has sides of 3 cm,
4 cm, and 5 cm, and the other triangle has
sides of 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm, then the
triangles are similar.
 Introduction to Symmetry
• Symmetry is a property where a shape looks
the same after certain transformations such as
reflection or rotation. The main types of
symmetry are line symmetry and rotational
symmetry.
 Example of Symmetry
• A triangle can have lines of symmetry. For
example, an equilateral triangle has three lines
of symmetry, each passing through a vertex
and the midpoint of the opposite side. It also
has rotational symmetry of order 3.
 Learning Objectives
• 1. Understand the concept of similarity in
geometric shapes.
• 2. Calculate lengths of similar shapes.
• 3. Recognize line symmetry and order of
rotational symmetry in two dimensions.
• 4. Identify symmetrical properties of triangles,
quadrilaterals, and polygons.
Example of Similarity
 Example of Similarity

3 cm
4 cm
5 cm
6 3cm
These triangles are similar. Notice how the sides are proportional: cm, 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm.
8 cm
10 cm
Example of Symmetry
 Example of Similarity

3 cm
4 cm
5 cm
6 3cm
These triangles are similar. Notice how the sides are proportional: cm, 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm.
8 cm
10 cm
 Example of Symmetry

This triangle shows lines of symmetry. An equilateral triangle has three lines of symmetry.