Key Terms Knowledge Organiser – Infection and Response (B1b) Stages of a drug trial

Communicable How pathogens spread:

A disease which is infectious.
disease (1) Drug tested on cells
in the lab
Pathogens Any microbe that causes disease.
(2) Drug tested on
A weakened or dead pathogen which is injected to stimulate the immune animals to see if it
Vaccine system to make antibodies. works
A cell which kills pathogens by ingesting them, producing
White blood cell (3) Drug tested on small
antibodies or producing antitoxins. group of healthy
Proteins released from white blood cells which are specific human volunteers to
Antibodies
to each pathogen and work to destroy them. see if it works in
humans
Antitoxins Chemicals released from white blood cells which neutralise toxins.
(4) Drug tested on
An immune person has the antibodies for a particular pathogen and Microbe Diseases + Symptoms patients with the
Immunity can’t get the disease. disease
Virus (not living) Measles (itchy rash);
(5) Drug can now be
Antibiotics Chemicals that kill bacteria. HIV/AIDS (poor immune
system); Tobacco mosaic prescribed by
virus (damage to plant doctors
A design of experiment where the volunteer nor the scientist know leaves)
Double-blind who has the drug.
Bacteria Salmonella food
Placebo Something that looks like the drug, but contains no drug. poisoning (sickness);
Gonorrhoea (yellow
discharge and pain
weeing)
Carcinogen A substance which is known to cause cancer.

Fungi Athletes foot (itching);

Rose black spot (damage
Benign tumour A tumour which does not invade other parts of the body. to plant leaves)

Malignant Protist Malaria (flu-like

A tumour which will invade other parts of the body symptoms)
tumour