Method Statements for

Bio-Engineering
Works
January 2024

CHINA FIRST HIGHWAY ENGINEERING CO. LTD.

1
 CONTENTS
1. Overview
2. Bio-Engineering Introduction
3. References and Standards
4. Construction Methodology
5. Nursery Establishment and Management
6. Monitoring and Maintenance
7. Manpower Plan
8. Construction Schedule
1. Overview of the Project
 General Overview of the Project

Project Name| Kathmandu-Terai/Madhesh Fast Track (Expressway) Road Project –CP6

Contract No.| KTFT/ICB/WORKS/R&B/078/079/6

General Information Payment Status

 Finance : Nepal Government

 Bidding : International Bidding  Contract Amount: NRs 18.08 billion

 Contractor : China First Highway Engineering CO. LTD.  Advance Payment Received : 10%

标题
 Commencement Date : 11 Feb 2023  Advance Payment Remaining :10%

 Completion Date : 11 Feb 2025

 Contractual Time : 730(180 design+550 construction) days
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
 Project Starting Coordinates: X=617836.2720; Y=3030744.8830
XXXX
 Project Ending Coordinates: X=615950.3866; Y=3025110.9520
2. Bio-Engineering Introduction
 Bio-Engineering Introduction
Importance of Bio-Engineering
Bio-engineering integrates living organisms with structural solutions for slope protection, blending
biology and engineering principles.
Aims to create resilient slope
Combines biology and engineering protection systems for long-term
principles for holistic solutions effectiveness

Innovative approach to slope Emphasizes slope stabilization while Transformation of road slopes into
protection promoting ecological balance and resilient landscapes, ensuring
biodiversity stability and ecological well-being

6
 Bio-Engineering Introduction
Objectives of Bio-Engineering

Sustainable Living Resilient

Harmonizing Solutions for Organisms and Landscapes and Minimizing
Infrastructure Environmental Engineering Biodiversity Environmental
and Nature: Challenges: Integration: Promotion: Impact:

Main objective is to Implementation of Bioengineering Aims to create Focus on minimizing

balance human sustainable and approach integrates resilient landscapes, environmental impact
infrastructure needs ecologically sound living organisms, ensuring stability for and fostering
with the preservation measures to address particularly slopes while actively sustainable land use
of the natural soil erosion, slope vegetation, with promoting practices through
environment. instability, and related engineering biodiversity. innovative
challenges. principles. bioengineering.

7
Bio-Engineering Introduction
Selection of Species

Altitude of Site Nature of Slopes

Availability of species Promote local Species

8
 Bio-Engineering Introduction
Selection of Species Broom grass (Thysanolaena Different types of
1 1 6
maxima) bamboo

Napier grass (Pennisetum Giant cane (Arundo

2 7 donax)
purpureum)

Major Species listed for

3 vetiver grass (Vetiver 8 Malabar nut
Bio-Engineering zinzaniodes) (Adhatodavasica)

4 Turf grass (such as, Festuca 9 Male fern (Dryopteris filixmas)

arundinacea, Poa pratensis) etc.

5 Kans grass (Saccharum

spontaneum)
9
 Bio-Engineering Introduction

Principle of Bio-Engineering

Interdisciplinary Approach:
Integration of knowledge from biology,
01 chemistry, physics, and engineering for
innovative solutions.
Ethical Considerations:
Prioritizing safety, efficacy, and societal 05
implications in bio-engineering
System Thinking:
technologies.
Emphasis on understanding the complex
Principle 02 interplay between biological systems
and the environment.

Quantitative Analysis:
Biomimicry:
Employing mathematical models and
computational tools for analyzing biological 04 03 Utilizing biological systems as templates for
designing new materials, devices, and
systems.
systems. 10
 Bio-Engineering Introduction

Purpose of Bio-Engineering Methodology:

Clear Objectives:
Establishing precise goals and defining project
01 scope for successful outcomes.

Monitoring and Evaluation:

Systematically assessing project progress 05
and outcomes for continuous improvement.
Consistency:
Implementing a standardized approach
Purpose 02 for design, implementation, and
management.

Enhanced Collaboration:
Risk Reduction:
Fostering collaboration and communication
among team members and stakeholders. 04 03 Proactively identifying and mitigating
potential project risks.

11
 Bio-Engineering Introduction

Construction Method for Bio-Engineering:

Site Assessment:
Thorough analysis of soil, slope, drainage, and
01 vegetation to inform bio-engineering design

Feedback and Adaptation:

Communicating feedback for adaptations to 05
enhance the effectiveness of the bio-
Planning and Design:
engineering project.
Formulating an adaptable plan based on
Method 02 site conditions and climate for effective
bio-engineering..

Maintenance, Monitoring and Evaluation::

Planting:
Regular monitoring and maintenance activities
to ensure sustained plant health and growth & 04 03 Implementation of planting techniques based
on site conditions and selected plant
Vigilant assessment of plant growth to align
species. 12
with project objectives.
3. References and Standards
References and Standards

Nepal Standard Specifications for Road and Bridges Works-2073

Roadside Bio-engineering Reference Manual & Specifications of

Contract Document

Nepal KTFT-6 Project Construction Drawings

The actual situation on site and previous construction experience

14
4. Construction Methodology
Construction Methodology

Mainly five types of Bio-Engineering in this project:

Grass Planting System

Vegetation Structures (Brush layering)

Roadside tree plantation

Ornamental hedge planting

Flowering plantation

16
 Construction Methodology

Grass Planting System:

 Areas susceptible to erosion, particularly on slopes and stream banks intentional placement of live plant
materials, such as grass slips, strategically within the terrain.
 Promote robust root systems that contribute significantly to soil stabilization providing a sustainable and
natural solution to safeguard against the detrimental effects of environmental degradation in these
specific landscapes.
 Configuration: Horizontal/Contour, Vertical/Downslope & Diagonal

17
Construction Methodology

Grass Planting System:

18
Construction Methodology
Grass Planting System:
Configuration of Grass Lines Normal Spacing
Plants at 100mm centers within rows.
Row spacings;
Horizontal Slope < 30º: 1000mm,
Slope 30-45º: 500mm,
Slope > 45º: 250mm.
Plants at 100mm centers within rows.
Vertical
Rows spaced at 500mm centers.
Plants at 100mm centers within rows.
Diagonal
Rows spaced at 500mm centers.
Main Advantages
Traps material moving downslope.
Retards runoff on highly impermeable
materials
Maximizes protection against erosion.
Minimizes infiltration.
Combines the best features of both
horizontal and vertical planting in the
majority of sites.
Main Limitations
Can increase the infiltration rate to the
point of liquefaction on porous
materials.
On very impermeable materials, runoff
can become damaging.
Grass plants can suffer from drought.
Where the specific advantages of
horizontal and vertical planting
patterns are critical, diagonal planting
should not be used.
19
Construction Methodology

Grass Planting System:

Recommended Species:

Local Name Botanical Name Altitude Range Remarks

Amliso Thysanolaena maxima Terai – 2000m

Kans Cybopogonmicrotheca Terai – 2000m

Khus Vetiver zizanoides Terai – 1500m

20
 Construction Methodology

Vegetation Structures:
 Four techniques: Brush Layering, Palisades, Live Check Dams, and Fascines Construction

Vegetation Structures (Brush layering):

 Creating horizontal layers using live branches and soil, reinforced bench within a slope, providing stability and
preventing soil erosion, natural barrier, catching debris and reinforcing the bank, while the root systems further
bind the soil, strengthening the structure
Recommended Species for Brush Layering:

Local Name Botanical Name Altitude Range Remarks

Simali Vitex negundo Terai – 1750m

Assuro Adhatoda vasica Terai – 1000m

Bainsh Salix tetrasperma Terai – 2700m

21
 Construction Methodology

Vegetation Structures (Brush layering):

 Suitable for sites up to about 45º

22
 Construction Methodology

Roadside tree plantation:

 Trees are planted mostly 10 m apart from edge either side of the road in plain areas
 Providing shade, reducing the urban heat island effect, improving air quality by absorbing pollutants,
preventing soil erosion, and creating habitats for wildlife

Recommended Species:

Local Name Botanical Name Altitude Range Remarks

Kalki Phul Callistemon citrinus Terai – 1800 m

Gulmohar Delonix Regia Terai – 1000 m

Swami Ficus Benjamina Terai – 1300 m

Birendra Phul Jacaranda Terai – 1300 m

Kapur Cinnanomum camphora Terai – 2000 m

23
 Construction Methodology

Ornamental hedge planting:

Function:
 Adding an ornamental hedge to your landscape can introduce both an aesthetically pleasing and
functional element.

Site Selection:
 The ideal location for planting an ornamental hedge is within the road median.

Recommended Species:

Local Name Botanical Name Altitude Range Remarks

Nil Kada Thunbergia erecta Terai – 2000 m

Croton Codiaeum variegatum Terai – 1200 m

24
Construction Methodology

Flowering plantation:

Environmental Traffic Calming

Impact

Community
Aesthetics Biodiversity
Engagement

25
Construction Methodology

Flowering plantation:

Recommended Species:

Local Name Botanical Name Altitude Range Remarks

Hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Terai – 12000 m V aried

Single Angelia Terai – 1200 m Varied and dry

Indarakamal Gardenia jasminoides Terai – 1200 m

Chinese rose Terai -2000 m V aried

26
5. Nursery Establishment and
Management
 Nursery Establishment and Management
Role of a Nursery in Bio-Engineering:
 Nursery success relies on these steps, fostering an ideal environment for seed germination and seedling
development in bio-engineering programs.
Site Selection Soil Preparation and
-Optimal terrain with Fertilization
good sunlight, a slight -Deep tillage (20-40cm)
slope, and open land. to enhance soil quality
-Groundwater table less and fertility
than 1-1.5m, ensuring -Incorporation of organic
minimal annual water fertilizer for improved
level fluctuations seedling growth.
-Adequate drainage in -Surface preparation with
case of high groundwater fine, clod-free soil, during the rainy season..
levels. especially for smaller
seeds.
-Use of Matsushita solid
for convenient seedling
excavation.
Watering Tillage and Weeding
-Timely irrigation for -Regular tillage (4-6
seed germination and times) to loosen soil and
growth, adjusting reduce evaporation.
frequency based on -Weeding (7-8 times) for
conditions. competition-free growth
-Attention to drainage and prevention of
and waterlogging diseases and pests.
prevention, especially -Careful weed removal to
avoid damage to
seedlings
28
Nursery Establishment and Management
Plant Transport Preparation

Trimming Roots Planting

and Leaves Within 2-
Digging and Separation 3 Days

Transportation

Soil Removal
Bundling and Storage

29
Nursery Establishment and Management
Species grown in Nursery

Propagation time in
Species Ready for Plantation Remarks
Nursery

Kalki Phul (Callistemon citrinus) March-April Minimum 6 Month

Gulmohar (Delonix Regia) March-April Minimum 6 Month

Swami (Ficus Benjamina) March-April Minimum 6 Month

Nill Kada (Thunbergia erecta) April-May Minimum 6 Month

Croton (Codiaeum variegatum April-May Minimum 6 Month

Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis June-July Minimum 6 Month

Single Angelia June-July Minimum 6 Month

Indrakamal (Graden jasminoides) June-July Minimum 6 Month

Chinese rose June-July Minimum 6 Month

30
6. Monitoring and Maintenance
Monitoring and Maintenance
Key maintenance activities

1 2 3

Regular Inspection Pruning and Weeding Replanting

6 5 4

Monitoring Erosion Control Repair and

Replacement

32
7. Manpower Plan
Manpower Plan

S.N. Designation Name No Contact Number

1 Contractor's Representative Tang Guo Liang 1 9828915913

2 Deputy Project Manager Xu Xiang Bin 1 9745324819

3 Site Manager/Highway Engineer Lyv Zhi Min 1 9745323650

4 Quality Control Engineer Hu Feng Zhen 1 9829161502

5 Lab Technician 1

6 Surveyor 1

7 Drivers and Operators 5

8 Skilled and Unskilled Labour

8.1 Skilled Labour 2

8.2 Unskilled Labour 8

34
8. Construction Schedule
 Construction Schedule

S.N. Chainage Start Date End Date Remarks

1 CH 0+000 - CH 0+731.419 - - Service Road I

2 CH 0+000 – CH 1+717.242 - - Service Road II

3 CH 42+940 – CH 43+ 090 - - Employers Design Section

4 CH 43+540 – CH 43+900 - - Employers Design Section

Note: The start and end date has not been included as there are issues related to tree cutting and land
acquisition on the site which has not been solved

36
Thanks

37