HOP COUNT

PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master

Hop Count
 ‘Hop count’ is about how many devices can be connected by a daisy-chain
 What is a ‘hop’
 How to count hops
 What are the limits
 How to calculate these limits.

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
 What is a hop?
 Data packets pass through network devices (switches,
routers, PRAESENSA devices) as they travel between
source and destination
 Each time packets are passing through such a network
device, a hop occurs.

SC

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
 In PRAESENSA the relevant portion is the network path between the Root (system controller) and any possible end
point
Root
SC

End point 1
CSLD 8x

Hop 2 AD608

CI CI

Hop 3

CO MPS1 S FP CO MPS1 S FP

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
 In PRAESENSA the relevant portion is the network path between the Root (system controller) and any possible end
point
Root
SC

End point 2
CSLD 8x

AD608

CI CI

CO MPS1 S FP CO MPS1 S FP

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
hopcount Root
1
 Why is hop count so important? 0
SC

 Required bandwidth in the chain

CSLD MPS 2
 Latency of the chain 1

– Max latency (10 ms) 2

– Each active network component adds latency 2 3
– Each cable (glass or copper) adds latency AD6 AD6

 RSTP application limit (22 hops) 3

3
4
 Bit Error Rate (bit failure chance 1E-10 per hop) AD6

End point
4

 What happens when the hop count exceeds 22?

 You lose all devices after the 22nd hop 5

 If you have a loop of 43 devices it still works but if this

loop breaks you will loose devices after the 22 nd. 6

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
 Maximum hop count to SC = 22 (all connected) SC

 But what in case a link breaks down? Hop 1

8x
Hop 2 8x
Hop 12 8x
Hop 2
8x
Hop 12
AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x
Hop 3 Hop 3
8x
AD608 AD608 AD608
8x 8x 8x
AD608

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x
AD608
8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x
AD608
8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x
AD608
8x

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x
Hop 11 Hop 21 Hop 11
8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

Hop 21
AD608
8x 8x
Hop 22 Hop 22
AD608 AD608

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
 If you have a loop of 43 devices it still works but if this loop
SC

breaks you will loose devices after the 22 nd hop. Hop 1

8x
Hop 2 8x
Hop 33 8x
Hop 2
8x
Hop 12
AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x
Hop 3 Hop 3
8x
AD608 AD608 AD608
8x 8x 8x
AD608

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x
AD608
8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x
AD608
8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x
AD608
8x

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x
Hop 11 Hop 24 Hop 11
8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

Hop 21
AD608
8x 8x
Hop 23 Hop 22
AD608 AD608

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
hopcount
 Defining max Hop Count (topology 1) Root
SC

1
 Virtually lift the network, including devices as it was a
chain with same length interconnections CSLD MPS
 You have the root (SC) in your hand. Consider it as 2
the first hop.
 Top-down you can maximum lift 22 devices
3
 In this example the network contains 6 devices and AD6 AD6

the System Controller (SC) is the root

4
 Shortest path between the end point and the root is 4 AD6

hops. End point

5

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
hopcount
 Defining max Hop Count (topology 1) Root
SC

1
 Worst case scenario: a cable break between system
controller (SC) and call station (CSLD) CSLD MPS

3
AD6 AD6

4
AD6

End point
5

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
hopcount
 Defining max Hop Count (topology 1) Root
SC

1
 Worst case scenario: a cable break between system
controller (SC) and call station (CSLD) MPS
 The cable break results into a longer chain hopping 2
over 6 devices to reach the root
Valid design. 3
AD6

4
AD6

5
AD6

CSLD

End point
7

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
hopcount Root
SC
 Defining max Hop Count (topology 2) 1

 This system contains a loop in a loop, but procedure is

MPS MPS
the same
2
 Virtually lift the network, including devices as it was a
chain with same length interconnections MPS MPS

 You have the root (SC) in your hand 3

AD6 AD6
 Top-down you can maximum lift 22 devices
 Shortest path to the root is max 6 hops. 4
AD6 AD6 AD6 AD6

5
AD6 AD6 AD6 AD6

6
AD6 AD6

End point
7

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
hopcount
Root
SC
Defining max Hop Count (topology 2) 1

 Find worst case scenario

MPS MPS
 In this setup assume cable break between SC and MPS 2

MPS MPS
3
AD6 AD6

4
AD6 AD6 AD6 AD6

5
AD6 AD6 AD6 AD6

6
AD6 AD6

End point
7

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
hopcount Root
SC
 Defining max Hop Count (topology 2) 1

 The hop count to the SC will increase up to 7

MPS
2

MPS
3
Valid design. AD6

MPS
4
AD6 AD6

MPS
5
AD6 AD6 AD6

6
AD6 AD6 AD6 AD6

7
AD6 AD6

End point End point

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count hopcount
Root
SC
1
 Defining max Hop Count (topology 2)
 Now assume same cable break, but the connection MPS MPS

between the two MPS devices at the 2nd hop count 2

level were not installed (dotted)
MPS MPS
3
AD6 AD6

4
AD6 AD6 AD6 AD6

5
AD6 AD6 AD6 AD6

6
AD6 AD6
End point
7

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count Root hopcount
SC
1

 Defining max Hop Count (topology 2) MPS

2
 The impact (hop count) on a broken cable between SC
and MPS will increase. (the chain will become longer) MPS
3
 The hop count to the SC will increase up to 10 AD6

4
AD6 AD6

Valid design. 5
AD6 AD6

6
AD6 AD6

7
AD6 AD6

8
AD6 AD6

MPS
9
AD6

MPS

10
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End point
PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count Root hopcount

1
SC

MPS MPS

 Defining RSTP Hop Count (example 3) MPS MPS

3
 System components all interconnected in one big loop AD6 AD6

 In this example the highest hop count to the root is 14 4

AD6 AD6
AD6 AD6

as long as all connections are in place. 5

AD6 AD6
AD6 AD6

6
AD6 AD6

7
AD6 AD6

8
AD6 AD6

9
AD6 AD6

MPS MPS

10

MPS MPS

11

12
AD6 AD6

13
AD6 AD6

14
AD6 AD6

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count Root hopcount

1
SC

MPS MPS

 Defining RSTP Hop Count (example 3) MPS MPS

3
 Now, what happens in case the fiber connection AD6 AD6

between two MPS devices close to the SC will break? 4

AD6 AD6
AD6 AD6

5
AD6 AD6
AD6 AD6

6
AD6 AD6

7
AD6 AD6

8
AD6 AD6

9
AD6 AD6

MPS MPS
10

MPS MPS

11

12
AD6 AD6

13
AD6 AD6

14
AD6 AD6

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count Root hopcount hopcount

MPS
SC

MPS

1 MPS

 Defining RSTP Hop Count (example 3)

3

AD6 AD6

4
AD6
AD6 AD6

 The number of hops to the RSTP root (SC) will

5

2
AD6
AD6 AD6

exceed the maximum of 22 hops

AD6

7
AD6

 Devices above 22 hops will be discarded 8

AD6

9
AD6

MPS

10

MPS

11

12
AD6

13
AD6

Invalid design.
14

23
AD6

15
AD6

16
AD6

17
AD6

24
MPS

18

MPS

19

20
AD6

21

25
AD6

End point
22
AD6

23
AD6

24
AD6

26 25
AD6

MPS

26

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PRAESENSA Network Design – Technical Training Master
Hop Count
 Number of loops SC

Hop 1
 The number of loops in
your network will also have
8x
Hop 2 Hop 12
impact on performance
8x 8x 8x
Hop 2 Hop 12
AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

 Smaller number of loops is 8x

Hop 3
8x
Hop 11
8x 8x
Hop 11
AD608 Hop 3
better 8x 8x
AD608 8x
AD608
8x
AD608

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

 Find optimum balance 8x 8x 8x 8x

between the number of 8x

AD608
8x
AD608
8x
AD608
8x
AD608

loops and the maximum AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

hop count 8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x
AD608
8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608 AD608

Valid design. 8x 8x 8x 8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x
AD608
8x

AD608
Hop 10
AD608 AD608 AD608

8x 8x 8x
Hop 11 Hop 3 Hop 11
8x

AD608 AD608 AD608

Hop 3
AD608
8x 8x

AD608
Hop 2 Hop 2
AD608

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