Multiple Access Techniques

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Table of content
• Multiplexing and Multiple Access
• Multiplexing Techniques:
• TDM
• Multiple Access Techniques:
• CDMA
• OFDMA
• SDMA
• Multiple Access Techniques In use
Multiplexing and Multiple Access
Multiplexing
4 and Multiple Access

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Multiplexing
5 and Multiple Access

Feature Multiplexing Multiple Access

Function Combines signals for shared transmission Enables simultaneous transmission by multiple users

User Allocation Predetermined, fixed allocation Dynamic or statistical allocation

Efficiency Less efficient Efficiency depends on technique

Capacity Limited by shared medium capacity Can potentially increase capacity

Complexity Simpler to implement More complex to implement

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Time Division Multiplexing
TDM
TDM
7 – T1 line

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TDM
8 – T1 line

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Multiple Access Techniques
Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA
CDMA
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CDMA
12 – System

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CDMA
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CDMA
14 – System

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CDMA
15 – Frequency Hopping

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CDMA
16 – Frequency Hopping

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA)
OFDMA
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 OFDMA is an orthogonal frequency division

multiple access technology that distinguishes
different users by frequency. In FDMA, each
frequency represents a user, with GIs required
between frequencies to reduce interference, as
illustrated in Figure

 OFDMA uses orthogonal frequencies whose

orthogonality, eliminates mutual interference
as well as the need for GIs. Such frequencies
can even overlap with each other.

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OFDMA
19 – Orthogonality principle

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OFDMA
20 – OFDM/OFDMA
 In the OFDM working mode, the four users
occupy channel resources separately in
different timeslots. A user, in a specific
timeslot, uses all subcarriers exclusively to
transmit data packets.

 By contrast, in the OFDMA working mode,

channel resources are allocated to the four
users by time-frequency resource unit (RU).
The entire channel resources are divided into
time-frequency RUs, where the data of each
user is carried on their respective RUs. The
OFDMA working mode allows more users to
transmit data at a time point when the total
time- frequency resources remain unchanged
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Space Division Multiple Access
SDMA
SDMA
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23 Multiple Access Techniques In use
Multiple
24 Access Techniques In use

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Questions