Multiple Access Techniques

Table of content
• Multiplexing and Multiple Access
• Multiplexing Techniques:
• FDM
• TDM
• Multiple Access Techniques:
• FDMA
• TDMA
• CDMA
• OFDMA
• SDMA
• Multiple Access Techniques In use
Multiplexing and Multiple Access
Multiplexing and Multiple Access
Multiplexing and Multiple Access

Feature Multiplexing Multiple Access

Function Combines signals for shared transmission Enables simultaneous transmission by multiple users

User Allocation Predetermined, fixed allocation Dynamic or statistical allocation

Efficiency Less efficient Efficiency depends on technique

Capacity Limited by shared medium capacity Can potentially increase capacity

Complexity Simpler to implement More complex to implement

Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM
FDM
Time Division Multiplexing
TDM
TDM
TDM – T1 line
Frequency Division Multiple Access
FDMA
FDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
TDMA
TDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA
CDMA
CDMA
CDMA
CDMA – Principle
CDMA – Principle
CDMA – Principle
CDMA – Principle
CDMA – System
CDMA – System
CDMA – Frequency Hopping
CDMA – Frequency Hopping
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA)
OFDMA
 OFDMA is an orthogonal frequency division
multiple access technology that distinguishes
different users by frequency. In FDMA, each
frequency represents a user, with GIs required
between frequencies to reduce interference, as
illustrated in Figure

 OFDMA uses orthogonal frequencies whose

orthogonality, eliminates mutual interference
as well as the need for GIs. Such frequencies
can even overlap with each other.
OFDMA – Orthogonality principle
OFDMA – Orthogonality principle
OFDMA – OFDM/OFDMA
 In the OFDM working mode, the four users
occupy channel resources separately in
different timeslots. A user, in a specific
timeslot, uses all subcarriers exclusively to
transmit data packets.

 By contrast, in the OFDMA working mode,

channel resources are allocated to the four
users by time-frequency resource unit (RU).
The entire channel resources are divided into
time-frequency RUs, where the data of each
user is carried on their respective RUs. The
OFDMA working mode allows more users to
transmit data at a time point when the total
time- frequency resources remain unchanged
Space Division Multiple Access
SDMA
SDMA
Multiple Access Techniques In use
Multiple Access Techniques In use
Questions