Introduction To Euclid's

Geometry
Who Was Euclid?
• Euclid, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry,"
was an ancient Greek mathematician who lived around
300 BCE.
• He is best known for his work "Elements," which is a
compilation of all the known mathematics of his time,
especially in geometry. This work introduced the
axiomatic method, where geometric principles are
derived from a small set of axioms and postulates.
• "Elements" served as the main textbook for teaching
mathematics for over 2,000 years and laid the
foundation for modern geometry.
• Despite his significant contributions, very little is
known about Euclid's personal life.
Euclid's AXIOMS

• Axioms are basic truths in math or geometry that are accepted without
proof, forming the foundation for further reasoning.

• 1. Axiom 1: Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another.
• 2. Axiom 2: If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.
• 3. Axiom 3: If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders are equal.
• 4. Axiom 4: Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another.
• 5. Axiom 5: The whole is greater than the part.
• 6. Axiom 6: Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another.
• 7. Axiom 7: Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another
 Euclid's POSTULATE

Postulates are fundamental statements in mathematics or geometry that are accepted as true without
proof, serving as starting points for logical deductions.

• 1. Postulate 1: A straight-line segment can be drawn joining any two points.

• 2.Postulate 2: Any straight-line segment can be extended indefinitely in a straight line.
• 3.Postulate 3: Given any straight line segment, a circle can be drawn having the segment as radius and one endpoint as center.
• 4.Postulate 4: All right angles are equal to one another .
• 5.Postulate 5: If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side less than two right
angles, then the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which the angles are less than two right angles.
• 6.Postulate 6: Two lines are parallel if they are coplanar and do not intersect, even if extended infinitely.
• 7.Postulate 7: Given a line and a point not on it, there is exactly one line through the point parallel to the given line.