Asthma Care : From Prevalence

To Device Intervention

By
Roushan Kumar
Reg no : 220055101089
Under guidance :- Mr. Jeet Kumar Ghosh
Session : 2020 – 2024
Bachelor Of Pharmacy
 What is asthma?

‘Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

that is characterised by recurrent episodes of wheezing,
breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing’.

It is a respiratory disease that affects the lungs especially

the small airways (bronchi and bronchioles). These
airways are bordered by smooth muscles and have an
inner lining known as the mucosa.
What is asthma?

∙ Bronchial asthma is a medical condition that causes the airway

path of the lungs to swell and narrows.This swelling leads to
the production of excess mucus due to this making it difficult
to breath.
This result into :-
a. narrowing of airways
b. ↑ secretion mucosal edema
c. mucus plugging
What are some of the factors
contributing to the development of
asthma ?
Factors contributing to development of
asthma

⬧ Genetic factors ⬧ Children: more common among boys

⬧ Obesity ⬧ Adults: more common among
⬧ Smoking mothers women
⬧ Air pollution
⬧ Modern diets
⬧ Exposure to allergens
⬧ Exposure to tobacco
smoke
Pathology Of Asthma
Sign & Symptoms

∙ Cough with or without phlegm (sputum) production.

∙ Pulling in of the skin between the ribs when breathing
∙ Dyspnoea (difficult or labored breathing) shortness of breath that gets
worse with exercise or activity
∙ Whistling sound (Breath noisily) or wheezing as you breathe
∙ Pain or tightness in the chest
∙ Difficulty in sleeping
∙ Feeling tired
What are the triggers for an asthma flare
up?
 Prevalence Of Asthma

• As of 2011, approximately 235 million people worldwide were affected by asthma,

and roughly 250,000 people die per year from asthma-related causes. Low and middle
income countries make up more than 80% of the mortality. Prevalences vary between
countries from 1% to 18%. Asthma tends to be more prevalent in developed than in
developing countries. Rates are lower in Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa.

• According to the Indian Study on Epidemiology of Asthma, Respiratory Symptoms

and Chronic Bronchitis in Adults (INSEARCH), the prevalence of asthma in India is
2.05%.

• The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates that India has 30 million asthma
patients, which is 13.09% of the global burden. The GBD also estimates that 70% of
asthma patients in India remain undiagnosed
Diagnosing Bronchial Asthma

∙ Medical History and Physical Examination :

∙ Spirometry : A lung function test to measure breathing
capacity and how well you breathe. You will breathe into a
device called a spirometer.
 Diagnosing Bronchial Asthma

∙ Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) : Using a device called a peak flow

meter, you forcefully exhale into the tube to measure the force of air
you can expend out of your lungs.

∙ Chest X-ray : Your doctor may do a chest X-ray to rule out any other
diseases that may be causing similar symptoms
PREVENTION/MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA

• Patients who know that they are prone to asthma triggers or

attacks should avoid places that have a lot of smoke.

• Individuals should not live close to industries or chemical

industries that emit smoke.

• Individuals should avoid smoking which is a major cause of

asthma.

• Individuals should avoid eating a lot of fatty foods, since fats

contribute to the inflammatory diseases that cause asthma.
PREVENTION/MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA

• Another way to manage and prevent asthma is by using inhalers and mobile
health applications.

• Individuals who usually have constant asthma attacks should always move
around with their inhalers or mobile health applications could be attached to
inhalers for better monitoring and management of asthma.
ASTHMA MEDICAL DEVICES

• Asthma cannot be totally cured but can be managed or controlled

• There are devices used in the management and treatment of asthma is said to
be inhaler.

• Inhalers are small devices that deliver medication such as bronchodilators and
anti-inflammatory to the lungs.

• According to WHO (World Health Organization) herbal medicine can be used

as drugs which are added to the inhalers for the treatment and management of
asthma, it is being used because it is effective, less toxic and safe.

• Inhalers are classified into 4 types: Metered Dose Inhaler, Dry Powder inhaler,
soft mist inhaler and Nebulizers.
Metered Dose Inhaler

• MDIs have propellants that eject the active

medication from the canister.

• It delivers a specific amount of medication to the

lungs in the form of aerosol spray.

• The same amount of dose is released every time.

• Advantages - cheaper and portable, but require

breathing coordination.

• Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants used in

inhalers are now replaced by a safer
hydrofluoroalkane.
Nebulizer

• A nebulizer is a small machine that turns liquid

medicine into a mist.

• It converts liquid medication to aerosol droplets

which are best used for inhalation.

• The patient sits with the machine and breathes in

through a connected mouthpiece.

• It is portable, durable and relatively inexpensive.

There are two types of nebulizers :-

• Mesh nebulizer

• Jet nebulizer
 Dry powder inhalers

• Dry powder inhalers is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the
form of a dry powder.

• DPIs is an alternative to the metered dose inhaler

• Dry powder inhalers are handheld devices that let you breath powedered
medication into your lungs.

• DPIs is used for respiratory conditions typically contains a corticosteroid to

reduce inflammation in the airways.

There are three types of dry powder inhaler:

• Turbuhaler
• Accuhaler
• Ellipta
Dry powder inhalers

Ellipta
Accuhaler Tuccuhaler
 Reference
∙ KD Tripathi, Essentials Of Medical Pharmacology, 7th edition, Published by
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD, Page no – 221-233

∙ Padmaja Udaykumar, Medical Pharmacology, 7th, Published by CBS Publishers &

Distributors, Page no – 395-409

∙ Gobind Rai Garg, Sparsh Gupta, Review Of Pharmacology, 9 th edition, Page no –

469-475

∙ Md Abdus Salam, A Short Textbook Of Medical Pharmacology, Published by The

Health Science Publishers, Page no – 48-52
THANK YOU