FLUIDS!

Lesson Objectives:

1. Explain the differences between blood, tissue fluid and

lymph
2. Describe how tissue fluid is formed from plasma
 3 Fluid Types
1. Blood
2. Tissue Fluid
3. Lymph
 1. Blood
List the sorts of things you would find in blood.

Contents of Blood
 2. Tissue Fluid
• Artery
• Highest pressure

• Vein
• Lowest pressure

• Capillary Network
• Pressure changes here
• Tissue fluid made here
Forming Tissue Fluid
• Tissue fluid is the liquid that
surrounds the cells, allowing for
transport between blood and
cells (e.g. Respiratory gases) -
DIFFUSION

• Capillary walls are partially

permeable

• Tissue fluid is the result of an

interplay of:

1. Hydrostatic pressure
2. Osmosis
Forming Tissue Fluid
1. Hydrostatic pressure
This is the pressure of the blood
from heart contractions – it
forces fluid out of the capillaries

Fluid moves out through tiny gaps

in the capillary walls.

• Dissolved gases and nutrients

move with it
• Larger plasma proteins and
cells do not

(SOME hydrostatic pressure from

the tissue fluid forces fluids back
into the capillaries – but net
movement out)
 Forming Tissue Fluid
• The movement of fluid is
calculated as a net figure of
hydrostatic pressure and
osmotic pressure.

• Hydrostatic pressure is much

higher at the arterial end of
the capillaries than the
venous end

• This means that the net

movement is different at
Arterial end of capillary either end of the capillary
network.
 Forming Tissue Fluid
• There is a net loss of fluid from the capillaries at the arterial end and a net
gain at the venous.
3. Lymph
• Note that not all fluid passes
back into the capillaries.

• The excess output needs to

be collected to avoid tissue
swelling

• This net excess is drained

into the vessels of the
lymphatic system – this fluid
is known as lymph
• Lymph passes through the
lymphatic system and drains
back into the circulatory
system

• Lymph contains lymphocytes

(type of white blood cell)
which are made in lymph
nodes.

• Lymphocytes are part of the

immune system and help to
filter out foreign material
from the lymph
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 Consolidation Table
• Complete the table to show the relative amounts of each listed thing
in each of the three types of fluid:

Blood Tissue Fluid Lymph

Erythrocytes

Lymphocytes

Plasma Proteins

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide
 Questions
1. The heart of a person suffering from heart failure is very ineficient.
What do you think the effects would be on that person’s blood
pressure?

2. How would low blood pressure affect the formation of tissue fluid?
Explain your answer.

3. When removing breast cancer tumours, there is a risk of damaging the

lymphatic drainage in the arm. What do you think the result of such
damage would be? Explain your answer.
 FLUIDS?
Lesson Objectives:

1. Explain the differences between blood, tissue fluid and

lymph
2. Describe how tissue fluid is formed from plasma