THE

NORMAL
CURVE:
AN INTRODUCT
ION
 WHAT
EXACTLY IS
NORMAL
CURVE?
CONSIDER THE
FOLLOWING
SITUATION
SITUATION #1

Robert Wadlow was the tallest

accurately recorded man in the USA
with a height of 8 feet and 11.1 inches.

If you were an architect and you

had to design doorways in a
building, would you make them all
9 feet tall? If not, then by how tall?
Height of People
 relatively
many

relatively relatively
few few

short average tall

Sample histogram for heights when
classified to three classifications
 relatively
many

relatively 5.2ft to
relatively
few 5.6ft 5.6ft to
4.8ft to
6.0ft few
5.2ft
4.4ft to 6.0ft to
< 4.4ft 4.8ft 6.4ft
> 6.4ft
short average tall

Sample histogram for heights when

classified to more classifications
Sample histogram
for heights when
classified to more
classifications
 Normal Distribution:
- Also known as Gaussian distribution, is a probability distribution that is
symmetrical about the Mean, showing that the data near the mean are
more frequent in occurrence than the data far from the mean.
- The normal distribution appears
as a “bell curve” when graphed.
 PROPERTIES
OF
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
 Sample histogram for heights when
classified to more intervals

Property 1

The normal
distribution
curve is
bell-shaped.
Property 2

The tails are

asymptotic
relative to the
horizontal line.

THE NORMAL CURVE

Property 3

The curve is
continuous.

THE NORMAL CURVE

Property 4

The total area

under the
normal curve is
1.

Area: 1
Probability: 100%

THE NORMAL CURVE

Property 5 Property 6

The mean, ~ ^
𝜇= 𝑥= 𝑥 It is symmetrical
median and
about the mean.
mode are equal.

THE NORMAL CURVE

TRANSFORMATION OF
A NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
 Question #1
What transformation will the normal
distribution undergo?

STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
• MEAN IS ZERO (O)
• STANDARD DEVIATION IS ONE (1)
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Question #2
Why there’s a need for a normal
distribution be transformed into a
standard normal distribution?
• All normal distributed variables can be transformed into
standard normally distributed variable by using the formula
for the standard score:

• or z=

where x = raw score/value

µ = mean
σ = standard deviation
Question #3
How do we use the standard normal
distribution in solving problems on
normal distribution?
 STANDARD SCORE
AND AREA UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
Finding Areas under the Standard Normal Curve
• P [z = a] = 0, where a is any constant.
• P [0 ≤ z ≤ a] = P[–a ≤ z ≤ 0] can be obtained directly from the table
of areas under the normal curve.
• P [z ≤ a] =0.5 + P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [z ≤ –a] = 0.5 – P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [z ≥ a] = 0.5 - P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [z ≥ –a] = 0.5 + P[0 ≤ z ≤ a]
• P [a1 ≤ z ≤ a2] = P[0 ≤ z ≤ a2] – P[0 ≤ z ≤ a1]
• P [-a2≤ z ≤ –a1] = P[a2 ≤ z ≤ a1] = P[0 ≤ z ≤ a1] – P[0 ≤ z ≤ a2]
• P [–a1 ≤ z ≤ a2] = P[0 ≤ z ≤ a1] + P[0 ≤ z ≤ a2]
Example

Find the area under the standard

normal curve of z=0.58.

or Find P(z = 0.58).

 The AREA between
Probability the MEAN (0) and
of z = 0.58 the Z-VALUE.

Therefore, P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.58) = 0.2190.

TABLE OF The AREA at the
VALUES RIGHT of Z-VALUE

At the right
of z = 0.58 P(z 0.58) = 0.5 - P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.58)
= 0.5 – 0.2190
=
Therefore, P(z 0.58) = 0.2810 .
or 28.10% of the total area.
To the left The AREA to the LEFT of
the z-value.
of z = 0.58

P(z 0.58) = 0.5 + P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.58)

= 0.5 + 0.2810
= 0.7810
.
Therefore, P(z 0.58) = 0.7810.
1. Z = 1
2. Z = 1.36
3. Z = -2.58 1. Z = 1 =0.3413
4. Z = 0.96 2. Z = 1.36 = 0.4131
3. Z = -2.58= 0.4951
5 . Z = 1.74
4. Z = 0.96 = 0.3315
5 . Z = 1.74= 0.4591
EXPLORING THE Z - SCORE
• or z=
z=
EXPLORING THE Z - SCORE
• or z=
z=
 HOMEWORK

Illustrate and perform as indicated.

 HOMEWORK

1. Find P(-0.65≤z ≤1.82).

2. The average weekly income of 2,000 workers
is Php151.00 with a standard deviation of
Php15.00. Assuming that the weekly income is
normally distributed, find the number of
workers who earn less than or equal to P127.50
per week.
 Problem 3

For a continuous random variable that

has a normal distribution with mean
of 20 and a standard deviation of 4,
find the area curve from x = 20 and x
= 27.
 Problem 4
Eggs laid by a particular chicken are
known to have lengths normally
distributed with mean 6 cm and
standard deviation of 1.4 cm, what is
the probability of finding an egg bigger
than 8 cm in length?