GROUP FOUR

PRESENTATION

QUESTION:Explain impacts of mollusk and

crustaceans stock enhancement
 INTRODUCTION

According to(Newkirk & Quayle,1989) explain

stocking enhancement as the principal method
used to maintain or improve stocks where
production is actually or perceived to be less
than the water body could potentially sustain.

Stocking enhancement done purposely for future

crustacean and mollusk farming
 Objectives of mollusk and crustacean
stock enhancement
mitigate the disturbance of the environment
caused by human activities

Recruitment of overfishing

Maintain the fisheries productivity of water

body at highest level

 Conservation to retain stocks of species

threatened with extinction like oysters.
Types of stocking enhancement based on oysters
species

Hatchery rearing and release of juvenile on

clamming beaches

Transporting spat collected on beaches with

recruitment to beaches with poor settlement

Collection of juvenile clam from the sub tidal

and transporting them onto the intertidal beaches
to enhance the fisheries
 Site selection for stocking enhancement

For the oysters species the better site for stocking

selection is marine environment especially on

Intertidal zone: Area with shortage water

especially used for Collection of juvenile

Open sea zone :Area with plenty water especially

used for spat collection
 Advantages of stocking enhancement

It ensure availability of viable seeds for

sustainability reproduction of the species

Itenhance maximum production, monitoring and

conservation to the species cultured

It helps to recovering the threatened species and

to support recreational fishing
 Advantages cont..
It increase food supplies within and outside the
country due to high availability of species
cultured there fore its increase the income to the
farmer

Enhance research activity which rise the new

technology of enhancement

Maintenance and balancing of the ecosystem at

the environment which they live
 Advantages cont…
Ensure circulation of nutrient and filtration of the
waste

Some are used to make ornamental product such

as nacre
 Disadvantage of stocking enhancement
Death of some species cultured due to low
adaptability to the new environment which result
loss to the farmer

Introduction of exotic species and non target

species which can hinder reproduction of viable
seed

Expensive to maintain and supervise in terms of

time and money
 Disadvantage cont..
Its difficult in harvesting

Poor growth performance example some of ostrea

species

Ecological in balance and deterioration of area at

which spat were collected

Risen of conflicts and miss understanding among

the society member
 Factors affecting stocking enhancement

Predation , either inter or intra predation relation

ship e.g. cannibalism etc

Disease and pathogens

Water parameters such as pH, salinity,

temperature etc

Pollution and toxicity

 Factors cont..
Natural calamities such as heavy storms, wave
current and tsunami

Stocking removal through cropping and theft

Adaptability of the organism in the environment

 Reference
Angell, C. L. 1984. Culturing the spiny oyster, Saccostrea
echinata, in Ambon, Indonesia. Journal of the World
Mariculture Society 15:433- 441.
Hidu, H., C. Conary, and S. R. Chapman. 1981. Suspended
culture of oyster: biological fouling control. Aquaculture
22(1-2):189-192.
Newkirk, G.F& Quayle,D.B.1989.Farming bivalve mollusk.
The world aquaculture Society: Canada
Wickins, J.F& Lee,D.O.2002. Crustacean farming, ranching
and culture. Backwell Science: Australia
END