Solving Quadratic Equations

• Extracting Square Roots

• Factoring
• Completing the Square
• Quadratic Formula
• Any value that satisfies an equation is called
a solution.
• The set of solution that satisfy an equation
is called solution set.
• The solution is also called root.

In solving quadratic equations, it means

finding its solution(s) or root(s) that will satisfy
the given equation.
Solving Quadratic
Equation by
Extracting the
Square Roots
Let’s Practice
• 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙

• 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓

• 𝟗𝟖 = (𝟒𝟗)(𝟐)
=𝟕 𝟐

• (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝒙 −𝟑
𝟒 𝟐
• 𝟐𝟓
= 𝟓
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY

For any real number n

If , then or and .
Reminder:
Before using the square root
property, make sure that the
equation is in the form .
 Steps in Solving Quadratic Equation by
Extracting the Square Root

1. Write the equation in the form .

2. Use the square root property.
3. Solve for x.
 Example
Steps in Solving 1:
Quadratic Equation by 𝑥 2 = 100
Extracting the Square 𝑥 2 = 100
Root 𝑥 = ±10

1. Write the equation in the 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒙=

form −𝟏𝟎
x2 = n. 𝒐𝒓
2. Use the square root 𝑥 = −10
property. Checking: 𝑥 2 = 100
𝑥 = 210
(10) = 100 (−10)2= 100
3. Solve for x. 2 = 100
100
𝑥 = 100 100 =
100
 Example 2:
Steps in Solving Quadratic
𝑥 2 − 121 = 0
Equation by Extracting the 𝑥 2 − 121 + 121 = 0 + 121
Square Root 𝑥 2 = 121
𝑥2 =
1. Write the equation in the form 121
x2 = n. 𝑥= ±11
2. Use the square root property. 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏
3. Solve for x. Checking:
𝑥 = 11 𝑥 = −11

𝑥2 − 121 = 0 𝑥 2 − 121 = 0
(11)2−121 = 0 (−11)2−121 = 0
121 − 121 = 0 121 − 121 = 0
0=0 0=0
 Example 3:

Steps in Solving Quadratic (𝑥 − 3)2= 9

Equation by Extracting the (𝑥 − 3)2 =
Square Root 9
𝑥 − 𝑥3 +
− 33 =
= ±3
±3+ 3
1. Write the equation in the form 𝑥 = ±3 + 3
x2 = n.
𝒙 = 𝟑 + 𝟑 = 𝟔 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = −𝟑 + 𝟑
2. Use the square root property. =𝟎
3. Solve for x. Checking:
𝑥=6 𝑥=0
(𝑥 − 3)2= 9 (𝑥 − 3)2= 9
(6 − 3)2= 9 (0 − 3)2= 9
(3)2= 9 (−3)2= 9

9=9 9=9
 Example 4:
Steps in Solving Quadratic
𝑥2 + 4 = 4
Equation by Extracting the 𝑥2 + 4 − 4 = 4 − 4
Square Root 𝑥2 = 0
1. Write the equation in the form 𝑥2 = 0

x2 = n. 𝒙=𝟎
2. Use the square root property.
Checking:
3. Solve for x. 𝑥=0
𝑥2 + 4 = 4
(0)2+4 = 4
0+4=4
4=4
 Example 5:
4𝑥2 − 1 = 0
Steps in Solving 4𝑥2 − 1 + 1 = 0 + 1
Checking:
Quadratic Equation 4𝑥2 = 1 𝑥=
1
2
𝑥 = −1
2
by Extracting the 4𝑥2 4𝑥2 − 1 = 0 4𝑥2 − 1 = 0
Square Root =
14 4 1 2 2
4 −1=0 4 −1 −1= 0
1. Write the equation 1
𝑥2 = 4
2
1
2
1
in the form x2 = n. 1
4
4
−1 =0 4
4
−1=0
4 4
2. Use the square root 𝑥2
= −1=0 −1=0
4 4 4

property. 1 1−1=0 1−1=0

𝑥 = ±
0=0 0=0
3. Solve for x. 2

𝟏 𝟏
𝒙= 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = −
𝟐 𝟐
Example 6:

3𝑥2 = −9
3𝑥2
−9
3
=
3 Take note that
𝑥 2 = −3
𝑥2 =
when n < 0, then the
−3
𝒙 = ± −𝟑
quadratic equation
has no real solution.
Solving Quadratic
Eatuation by
Factoring
 Steps in Solving Quadratic
Eatuation by Factoring.

1. Write the quadratic equation in standard form.

2. Find the factors of the quadratic expression.

3. Apply the Zero Product Property.

4. Solve each resulting equation.

5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the

original equation.
 Zero Product Property

The product AB = 0, if and only if

A = 0 or B = 0.
Example 1:
Checking:
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 0 x=4
𝑥 −4 𝑥2−6𝑥 + 8 = 0
𝑥−2 =0 (4)2−6(4) + 8 = 0
16 − 24 + 8 = 0
𝑥 −4=0 0=0
𝑥−4+4=0+4
𝒙=𝟒 x=2
𝑥2−6𝑥 + 8 = 0

𝑥 −2=0 (2)2−6(2) + 8 = 0
4 − 12 + 8 = 0
𝑥 −2+2=0+2
0=0
𝒙=𝟐

x = 4 or x = 2
Example 2:
Checking:
𝑥 2 + 6 = −5𝑥 x = -2
𝑥 2 + 6 + 5𝑥 = −5𝑥 + 5𝑥
𝑥2 +6 = −5𝑥
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 = 0
𝑥+2 𝑥+3 (−2)2+6 = −5(−2)
=0 4 + 6 = 10
10 = 10
𝑥+2=0
𝑥+2−2=0−2 x = -3
𝒙 = −𝟐 𝑥 2 + 6 = −5𝑥
𝑥+3=0 (−3)2+ 6 = −5(−3)
𝑥+3−3=0−3
9 + 6 = 15
𝒙 = −𝟑
15 = 15
𝒙 = −𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = −𝟑
Example 3:
Checking:
2𝑥2 + 15𝑥 = −27 x = − 29
2𝑥2 + 15𝑥 + 27 = −27 + 27
2𝑥2 + 15𝑥 + 27 = 0 2𝑥2+15𝑥 = −27
2𝑥 + 9 𝑥 + 3 = 0 9
2(− )2 + 15 −
9
= −27
2 2
81
2𝑥 + 9 = 0 2 4
− 135
2
= −27
81
2𝑥 + 9 − 9 = 0 − 9 − 135
= −27
2 2
2𝑥 = −9
− 54
2
= −27
2𝑥 9
2 =− 2 −27 = −27
𝟗
𝒙 = −𝟐 x = -3
2 𝑥2+15𝑥 = −27
𝑥+3=0
2(−3)2 + 15(−3)
𝑥+3−3=0−3
= −27
𝒙 = −𝟑
2 9 − 45 = −27
𝟗 18 − 45 =
−27 = −27
−27
𝒙=− 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = −𝟑
𝟐
Example 4:

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 0 Checking:
𝑥 𝑥−6 =0 x=0
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 0
(0)2−6 0 = 0
0−0=0
𝒙=𝟎
0=0

𝑥−6=0 x=6
𝑥−6+6=0+6 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 0
𝒙=𝟔 (6)2−6(6) = 0
36 − 36 = 0
𝒙=𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟔 0=0
Example 5:
Checking:
𝑥 2 − 36 = 0 x = -6
𝑥+6 𝑥−6 =0
𝑥2−36 = 0
(−6)2−36 = 0
𝑥+6=0
36 − 36 = 0
𝑥+6−6=0−6
0=0
𝒙 = −𝟔
x=6
𝑥−6=0 𝑥 2 − 36 = 0
𝑥−6+6=0+6 (6)2− 36 = 0
𝒙=𝟔 36 − 36 = 0
0=0
𝒙 = −𝟔 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟔
 Solving Quadratic
Eatuation by
Completing the Satuare
 Steps in Solving Quadratic Eatuation
by Completing the Satuare
1. If the value of a = 1, proceed to step 2. Otherwise, divide both
sides of the equation by a.
2. Group all the terms containing a variable on one side of the
equation and the constant term on the other side. That is
ax2 + bx = c.
3. Complete the square of the resulting binomial by adding
the 𝑏 2
square of the half of b on both sides of the equation.
2
4. Rewrite the perfect square trinomial as the square of binomial.
2
𝑥+𝑏
2
5. Use
. extracting square the square root to solve for
x.
Example 1: Use extracting square the square root to solve for
x. 𝑥+1 2 =
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 9
𝑥 + 1 = ±3
Since a = 1, let’s proceed with step 2.
Group all the terms containing a variable on one side of the equation x+1=3 x + 1 = –3
and the constant term on the other side. That is ax2 + bx = c. x +1 – 1 = 3 – 1 x + 1 – 1 = –3 –
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 x=2 1
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 + 8 = 0 + 8 x=–4

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 8 Checking:
Complete the square of the resulting binomial by adding the x=2 x=–4
𝑏 2
square of the half of b on both sides of the equation. 2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
2 2
𝑏 2
= = 12 = 𝟏 (2)2 + 2(2) – 8 = (-4) + 2(-4) – 8 =
2 2
0 0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 8 + 1
4+4–8=0 16 – 8 – 8 = 0
𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 9
8–8=0 8–8=0
Rewrite the perfect square trinomial as the square of binomial.
2 0=0 0=0
𝑥 + 𝑏2
. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 9
Example 2: Use extracting square the square root to solve for
x. 𝑥 − 3 2 = 36
2𝑥2 − 12𝑥 = 54 𝑥 − 3 = ±6
Since a ≠ 1, we divide both sides of the equation by a. a = 2
2𝑥2 − x–3=6 x – 3 = –6
→ 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 = 27
12𝑥 54
2 2 = 2
x–3+3=6+ x – 3 = –6 + 3
Group all the terms containing a variable on one side of the equation 3 x=–3
and the constant term on the other side. That is ax2 + bx = c. x=9
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 = 27
Complete the square of the resulting binomial by adding the Checking:
𝑏 2
square of the half of b on both sides of the equation. 2 x=9 x=–3
2 2
𝑏
=
6
= 32 = 𝟗 2𝑥2 − 12𝑥 = 54 2𝑥2 − 12𝑥 = 54
2 2
2(9)2 – 12(9) = 2(-3)2 – 12(-3) =
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 27 + 9
54 54
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 36
2(81) – 108 = 54 2(9) +36 = 54
162 – 108 = 54 18 + 36 = 54
Rewrite the perfect square trinomial as the square of binomial.
2
𝑥+2 𝑏 54 = 54 54 = 54
. (𝑥 − 3)2 = 36
Example 3: Use extracting square the square root to solve for
4𝑥2 + 16𝑥 − 9 = 0 x. 25
Since a ≠ 1, we divide both sides of the equation by a. a = 𝑥+2 2 =
4
42 5
4𝑥 16𝑥 9 0 → 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0 𝑥
+ − = +
Group
4 all 4the terms
4 containing
4 a variable on one side of the equation 2
4
and the constant term on the other side. That is ax2 + bx = c. =
5
𝑥2 9
+ 4𝑥 − = 0 → 𝑥2 9
+ 4𝑥 − + 9
=0 +9 𝑥+2 =
2
𝑥 +±2 = − 25
4 𝟗 44 5 2
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 = 4 𝑥+2−2 =
2
−2 𝑥 + 2 − 2 = − 25 − 2
𝟒 𝟏
𝒙= 𝒙 = − 𝟐𝟗
Complete the square of the resulting binomial by adding the 𝟐
𝑏 2
square of the half of b on both sides of the equation.
2
2 2 Checking:
𝑏 4
= = 22 = 4
2 2 x = 12 x = – 92
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 94 + 4 4𝑥2 + 16𝑥 − 9 = 0 4𝑥2 + 16𝑥 − 9 = 0
1 2 1 2
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 254 4
2
+ 16
2
−9 =0 4 −9
2
+ 16 − 9 − 9 = 0
2

Rewrite the perfect square trinomial as the square of binomial. 4

1 +8 −9= 0 4
81 − 72 − 9 = 0
2
𝑥 + 𝑏2 4 1+8–9=0 4 81 – 72 – 9 = 0
. 25 0=0 0=0
(𝑥 + 2)2 = 4
Solving Quadratic
Eatuation by
Quadratic Formula
QUADRATIC FORMULA

−𝒃 ± 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
Example 1:
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 Checking:
x=3 x=–2
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −1, 𝑐 = −6 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0
Solution: (3)2 – (3) – 6 = 0 (-2)2 – (-2) – 6 = 0
−𝑏± 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 9 – 3 – 6 = 0
2𝑎
− −1 ± (−1)2−4 1 −6 4+2–6=0
𝑥=
2(1) 6–6=0 6–6=0
1± 1+24 0=0 0=0
𝑥= 2

1± 25
𝑥=
2
Note:
2
1±5
𝑥= Before using the quadratic formula inatic
solving quadratic equations, make sure thatrly
1+5 6 the quadr equation is in standard form in
𝑥= = =𝟑
2 2 order to prope identify the values of a, b, and
2 2
𝑥 = 1−5 = −4
= −𝟐 c.
Example 2:
5𝑥2 + 6𝑥 = −1
5𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 1 = −1 + 1 Checking:
5𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 1 = 0
x = −1 x=–1
𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 6, 𝑐 = 1 5

Solution: 5𝑥2 + 6𝑥 = −1 5𝑥2 + 6𝑥 = −1

2
1
−𝑏± 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 5 − + 6 − 1 = −1 5(−1)2+6(−1) = −1
𝑥= 5 5
2𝑎 1 6
− = −1 5 − 6 = −1
− 6 ± (6)2−4 5 5 5
𝑥= 1 2(5) 5
− = −1 −1 = −1
5
−6± 36−20
𝑥= − 1 = −1
10
−6± 16
𝑥= 10 Note:
−6±4
𝑥= Before using the quadratic formula in solving
10

quadratic equations, make sure that the quadratic

𝑥= −6+4 −2 𝟏 equation is in standard form in order to properly
10 = 10 = −
𝟓 identify the values of a, b, and c.
−6−4 −10
𝑥 = 10 = 10 = −𝟏