EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS ON LIVER

BY

MOMOH FAVOUR MITIOGBO

AST/2382290182

MICROBIOLOGY OPTION

FEBRUARY, 2024
Introduction
• Antibiotics are a class of medications that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing the
bacteria or stopping their growth. There are various types of antibiotics, including Penicillins, Cephalosporins,
Macrolides, and Tetracyclines, each targeting different types of bacteria. These medications are often prescribed by
healthcare professionals and are available in different formulations, such as tablets, capsules, and injections.
Understanding the definition and characteristics of antibiotics is essential to comprehend their effects on the liver
(Zhang, et al., 2022).

• Antibiotics are widely used medications that are commonly prescribed to treat various bacterial infections. However,
while they can be highly effective in eliminating harmful bacteria, they can also have unintended effects on the liver.
The liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolizing drugs, including antibiotics, and maintaining overall health.
Therefore, understanding the impact of antibiotics on liver function is crucial for ensuring the safe and appropriate
use of these medications (Ruuskanen, et al., 2021).

• Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be classified as hepatocellular, cholestasis or mixed depending on the specific
liver function test abnormalities that occur. Drug-induced liver injury can present with jaundice, malaise, abdominal
pain, unexplained nausea and anorexia. There are no specific signs, symptoms or tests that can confirm a diagnosis
Common Antibiotics and Liver Damage
• Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin): This antibiotic combination is frequently prescribed for a
variety of bacterial infections. Liver enzyme elevations have been reported, and in rare cases, it
can lead to severe liver damage (de Vos, 2022).

• Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Minocycline): Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics

commonly used for respiratory and skin infections. While liver toxicity is uncommon, some cases
of liver damage associated with minocycline use have been reported (de Vos, 2022).

• Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin): Fluoroquinolones are potent antibiotics used

for a variety of bacterial infections. While generally, well-tolerated, rare cases of liver damage
associated with fluoroquinolone use have been reported (Ruuskanen, et al., 2021)
Risk Factors for Antibiotic-induced liver injury
• Age: Older adults may be more susceptible to antibiotic-induced liver injury due to age-related
changes in liver function. Advanced age may also be associated with a higher prevalence of
underlying liver conditions.

• Genetic Factors: Genetic variations can influence how individuals metabolize drugs, including
antibiotics. Some people may have genetic predispositions that make them more susceptible to
adverse reactions.

• Alcohol Consumption:

• Excessive alcohol consumption can strain the liver, and when combined with certain antibiotics, it
may increase the risk of liver injury. Alcohol and some antibiotics share pathways for metabolism,
potentially leading to interactions that impact liver function.
Symptoms
• Jaundice (Yellowing of the Skin and Eyes)

• Dark Urine

• Abdominal Pain

• Pale-colored Stools

• Fatigue and Weakness

• Nausea and Vomiting

Diagnosis
• Clinical Assessment: Healthcare providers evaluate the patient's medical history, including
antibiotic use and any preexisting liver conditions. Symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain,
and changes in urine and stool color are considered.

• Laboratory Tests: Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Blood tests measure liver enzymes, bilirubin, and
other markers of liver function. Elevated levels may suggest liver injury. Complete Blood Count
(CBC): To assess for signs of infection or inflammation. Coagulation Studies: To evaluate blood
clotting factors, as liver dysfunction can affect coagulation.

• Imaging Studies: Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs may be performed to
assess the liver's structure and identify any abnormalities.
Prevention and Mitigation of Antibiotic-
induced liver Injury
• Antibiotics Assessment and Prescribing Practices

• Patient Education

• Monitoring for early signs of Antibiotic-Induced Liver injury

• Risk Management in High risk Population

• Drug Interaction Awareness

• Future Directions and Research Opportunity

• Patient Assessment and Monitoring

Conclusion
Antibiotics are indispensable in modern medicine, but their potential for hepatotoxicity requires
careful consideration. Understanding the specific antibiotics associated with liver injury, the
underlying mechanisms, and risk factors empowers healthcare providers to make informed
decisions, ensuring the safe and effective use of these essential medications. Regular monitoring,
adherence to guidelines and ongoing research are key to mitigating the risk of antibiotic-induced
liver injury and optimizing patient outcomes.
Recommendation
• Eating high fiber and prebiotic food may also help reduce the side effects of antibiotics

• Total withdrawal from the antibiotics that caused the problem

• taking of any drugs base on prescription by a healthcare professional

THANKS FOR

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