Tumkur university

Department of studies and research in Chemistry

University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumkur
2023-2024

Seminar Topic :
Organic IR Spectroscopy : Characteristic vibrational frequencies of
alcohols ,phenols , ethers and amines

Submitted by Under the guidance of

SUCHITRA H V Dr . Narendra N
I M.Sc., I Semester DOSR in Chemistry
DOSR in Chemistry University College of Science
University College of Science Tumkur
Tumkur
 Contents
 Introduction
 Normal modes of molecular vibrations
 Position of bands in IR spectrum
 Characteristic vibrational frequencies
 Alcohols
 Phenols
 Ethers
 Amines
 Conclusion
 Refrences
Introduction

 Absorption of IR radition causes an excitation of molecules from the lower

vibrational level to higher vibrational level.
 IR spectroscopy which provides information on a molecular vibrations and
transitions between vibrational and rotational energy levels in molecules.
 In fact, atoms in a molecules do not remain in fixed position but vibrate
about their mean positions. Thus , absorption of radiation will leads to give
rise the vibrational spectra.
Normal modes of molecular vibrations

 Stretching vibrations
• Symmetric stretching
• Asymmetric stretching

 Bending vibrations
• Rocking
• Scissoring
• Wagging
• Twisting
Positions of bands in IR spectra
 Functional group regions(4000 cm-1 – 1500 cm-1)
 Fingerprint regions(1500 cm-1 – 667 cm-1)

Functional group region

 Characteristic vibrational frequencies in
alcohols and phenols

Alcohols and phenols will show strong and broad hydrogen-bonded O-H stretching
bands centered between 3400 and 3300 cm−1. In solution, it will also be possible to
observe a “free” O-H (non H-bonded) stretching band at about 3600 cm −1 (sharp and
weaker) to the left of the hydrogen-bonded O-H peak. In addition, a C-O stretching
band will appear in the spectrum at 1260–1000 cm−1.

The infrared spectrum of 2-butanol (neat liquid, KBr plates).

Characteristic vibrational frequencies in
alcohols and phenols

The infrared spectrum of para-cresol (neat liquid, KBr plates).

Ethers

 Ethers show at least one C-O band in the range 1300–1000 cm −1. Simple aliphatic ethers
can be distinguished from alkanes by the presence of the C-O band. In all other respects,
the spectra of simple ethers look very similar to those of alkanes.

The infrared spectrum of dibutyl ether (neat liquid, KBr plates).

 Amines

 Primary amines, R-NH2, show two N-H stretching bands in the range 3500–3300 cm −1,
whereas secondary amines, R2N-H, show only one band in that region. Tertiary amines will
not show an N-H stretch. Because of these features, it is easy to differentiate among
primary, secondary, and tertiary amines by inspection of the N-H stretch region.
Amines

IR spectrum of aniline (neat liquid, KBr plates).

 Conclusion
 Infrared spectroscopy is a technique used to identify the functional group in an organic
compounds .
 By analyzing the characteristic absorption peaks in an IR spectrum , one can deduce the
presence of specific bonds such as C=O , C-H ,O-H .
 Interpretation of the data allows for the identification and characterization of the unknown
compounds , aiding in various scientific fields like chemistry and biochemistry .
References
Introduction to Spectroscopy

- Donald L. Pavia
Gary M. Lampman
George S.Kriz
James R. Vyvyan
THANK YOU