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Nutritional Requirements Depending On Genotype - Anna Y (C175231015)
Nutritional Requirements Depending On Genotype - Anna Y (C175231015)
REǪUIREMENTS
DEPENDING ON GENOTYPE
reveals why and how people respond differently to the same nutrient.
Together these two approaches promise to deliver a critical part of the scientific knowledge needed
to understand how diet affects the individual humans and eventually nutrigenomics will lead
to evidence-based dietary intervention strategies for restoring health and fitness and for
Patrick J. Stover. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 28, no. 1 (supplement) © 2007
Single nucleotide
polymorphis ms (SNPs)
Nagwa E.A. Gaboon. The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics (2011)
Patrick J. Stover. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2007,
Carbohydrate intake
DNA is transcribed into RNA and then DNA is inhe rite d from ge ne ra tion to
translated into proteins, which control ge ne ra tion a nd is re s pons ible for pa s s
cellular activities. ing tra its from pa re nts to offs
pring.
Glucose and TCF7L2
polymorphism
Transcription Factor-7-Like -2 (TCF7L2),
• be longs to the T-ce ll fa ctor/lymphoid e nha nce r fa ctor (TCF/LEF) fa mily, is
the mos t common susceptibility gene for type 2 dia betes me
llitus (T2DM)
• TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism affected glucose tolerance and free fatty acid metabolism in adults.
FTO polymorphism :
FTO rs9939609 A/A genotype was significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose and
insulin resistance.
Higher serum leptin & lower high-density lipoprotein levels were observed in the
homozygotes of the FTO rs9939609 risk genotype (AA) compared to those with the TT
genotype in overweight adults (29), suggesting the need of precise interventions for these
high-risk population.
individuals genetically predisposed to obesity particularly benefit by regulating dietary intake
(30, 31) or following personalized diet
n-3 PUFA and FADS polymorphism
n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid EPA and DHA can be synthesized by
(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are desaturases and elongases through the PUFA
essential for maintaining health by biosynthetic pathway, wherein fatty acid
contributing to organ development, desaturase (FADS) enzymes including FADS1
membrane fluidity, and inflammation status and FADS2, are rate-limiting step enzymes
SUGAR
differences in response
to micronutrient optimal health benefits
nutrigenetics & nutritional
supplementation and micronutrient
genomics
according to genetic equilibrium
makeup
folate deficiency is
managed by dietary
insufficient dietary
Folate is the natural form of supplements containing
intake folate
vitamin B9. folic acid, a stable
deficiency
synthetic form of
folate.
5,10 5- Predominant form of
methylenetetrahydrofolate methylenetetrahydrofolate, folate in the bloodstream
Homozygotes for rs1801133 TT require higher folate intake than with the CT or CC genotype
achieve similar homocysteine levels and protection from cardiovascular pathologies
2
5
FOLATE &
flavin adenine
RIBOFLAVIN
dinucleotide (FAD)
management
of hypertension
benefits of &
linking cardiovascular
important cofactor
genotypic disease (CVD)
and modulator of the information to risk in
enzymatic activity of ↓ BP >
folic acid & susceptible
MTHFR treatment with individuals
riboflavin (ONS)
state-of-the-art
antihypertensiv
e drugs
B2 to
hypertensive
individuals +
originating from MTHFR
riboflavin (vit. B2) rs1801133 TT
genotype
Women with the MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype have
been suggested to be more prone to depression
VITAMIN
D PRIMARY
synthesized in the
SECONDARY
human epidermis
Dietary intake
following exposure
to UV-B
Some RCTS a significant reduction in the risk of recurrent adenomas following vit
D supplementation according to vit D receptor genotype
importance of applying genetic information about vit D pathway variants and thus
personalizing dietary vit D ONS
VITAMIN
A catalyzed by the enzyme b-carotene 15,150-monooxygenase (BCMO1)
chemically
β-carotene
stored
retinal
unstable retinol as
retinyl esters
Vit A deficiency
predominantly affects
pregnant or lactating
women and pre-school women and children are
children in developing administered large therapeutic
countries doses of b-carotene or provit
A carotenoids
VITAMIN
A
modify the amino acid
sequence of BCMO1 at
residues R267S & A379V
2 nonsynonymous
polymorphisms identified in the
Carriers of the A379V allele 32%
BCOM1 gene, rs12934922 & reduction in the conversion of β-carotene to
rs7501331 retinol
Kalliopi K. Gkouskou,
2020
GENOTYPE-BASED SUPPLEMENTATION OF
MINERALS
Iron
rs855791 association with red blood cell indices and iron levels, with each T
allele decreasing serum iron, transferrin saturation, mean erythrocyte
hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume in an additive manner
The assessment of TMPRSS6 genotype in patients with anemic celiac disease could inform the
management of iron deficiency, because carriers of the TMPRSS6 rs855791 TT genotype do not
respond to oral iron therapy, and they should rather be guided to parenteral iron
administration
Zinc (Zn) is required for the synthesis, release, and transport of insulin
Men carrying the GPx1 Variant rs1050450 T allele benefit from supplementation of
selenium as it reduces the level of prostate-specific antigen