Telecommunication Systems

Spring 2006

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 ATM
 Information transfer via ATM cells?

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 ATM
 Information transfer via ATM cells?
 The information transfer example of a video
(the connection is already established)
 The higher layers perform the compression
and encoding of the video signals
 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) sub divides
the application layer data streams into
segments

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 ATM
 Information transfer via ATM cells?
 The ATM layer adds the header to the
payload, this header contains the address
information (VPI,VCI etc.), necessary for
transport through the ATM network
 The physical layer ensures transmission by
inserting a checksum in HEC

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 ATM
 Information transfer via ATM cells?
 Physical layer incorporates the ATM cells in
a transmission frame (e.g. SDH, PDH)

 Physical layer prepares the cells for

transmission via a physical medium (e.g.
electrical to optical conversion)

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 ATM
 Information transfer via ATM cells?
 On the received side, (on the physical layer)
ATM cells are regenerated from the received
bit stream and the error free transmission is
controlled via HEC field

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 ATM
 ATM Layer of NT
 Multiplexes ATM cells coming in from the
terminating devices
 ATM Layer of ATM Switch
 Switches the ATM cells by means of
VPI/VCI through the ATM switch and
reassigns the corresponding VPI/VCI values
 ATM Layer of receiving NT
Distributed the incoming ATM cells stream
via VPI/VCI to the terminating equipment7
 ATM
 ATM Layer of Receiving Terminal Equipment
 Recognizes its incoming cell and hands it over to
the next higher layer
 ATM Adaptation Layer of Receiving Terminal
Equipment
 Header and trailer are evaluated and the
individual segments are integrated into one data
stream
 Higher Layer of Receiving Terminal Equipment
Video signal is recovered from the compressed and
encoded data stream 8
 ATM
 Safeguarding mechanisms !!
 Because of the high transmission rates
in ATM, complex error correction
measures would cause considerable
delay, this is why only the ATM header
is safeguarded
 Safeguarding is performed with HEC
byte which is calculated on the basis of
the remaining 4 header octets
 Only the single bit error can be
corrected , the rest can only be detected
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 ATM
 Safeguarding mechanisms !!
 ATM does not support payload safeguarding,
but it is performed in the terminal equipment

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 ATM
 ATM Cell Types !!

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 ATM
 ATM Cell Types !!
 Valid/ Assigned Cells are assigned to
existing connections and transmit pure
information
 Metasignaling Cells are used for connection
setup
 Invalid cells have multiple bit errors in
header and are therefore discarded
 Resource Management Cells are used to
control network resources, e.g. to adjust the
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transmit rate to the available bandwidth
 ATM
 ATM Cell Types !!
 OAM Cells are used for transmission
safeguarding (e.g. error management in case
of transmission route failure)
 Idle/unassigned Cells are inserted if there is
no useful information to be transmitted, to
ensure a continuous cell stream
 Resource management cell?

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 ATM
 Which layer implements the switching of
the ATM cells?
 Physical layer
 ATM layer
 ATM Adaptation Layer

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 ATM
 Which cells are inserted for the purpose of
maintaining a continuous data stream?
 OAM cells
 Meta-signaling cells
 Valid/Assigned cells
 Invalid cells
 Idle/Un-assigned cell
 Resource management cell

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 ATM
 Which of the following are the tasks of a
physical layer?
 Data compression and decompression
 Multiplexing of several users to one cell
stream
 Subdivision of data streams into segments
 Generation and evaluation of the HEC field
 Header generation (except for HEC field)

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 ATM
 What are the tasks of ATM layer?
 Data compression and decompression
 Multiplexing of several users to one cell
stream
 Subdivision of data streams into segments
 Generation and evaluation of the HEC field
 Header generation (except for HEC field)

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 ATM
 Which layer is responsible for congestion
control?
 Physical layer
 ATM layer
 ATM Adaptation Layer

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 ATM
 AAL Classes
Class A Class B Class C Class D

Timing sensitive Timing insensitive

CBR VBR (Variable bit rate)

Connection-oriented CL

AAL 1 AAL 2 AAL 5

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 ATM
 ATM Adaptation Layer
 Convergence sub layer
 Segmentation & Reassembly Layer
 Physical Layer
 Physical medium sub-layer
 Transmission convergence

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