General studies of things

that effect crop

Just general research on factors effecting crop production
ACID RAIN IN INDIA
• Acid rain, often thought to be a Western affliction, • Acid rain causes leaching of soil nutrients, which
is becoming a greater menace to India.
means that these nutrients are not available to
Acidification of the environment has resulted
from large-scale industrialization and dependency plants and crops grown is soil, affecting
on coal and crude oil products like diesel. Vehicle productivity.
exhaust gases are responsible as well, but thermal
power plants running on coal combustion and the • Acid rain can also dissolve salts of heavy metals
steel sector are the main offenders. A low pH has found in rocks and soil. These heavy metals find
already been detected in Chembur, Maharashtra, their way into agricultural fields, water sources
and Delhi. and ultimately human bodies.
• Analysis of rainwater samples from Nagpur,
Mohanbari (in Assam), Allahabad, Visakhapatnam
and Kodaikanal have shown pH levels varying
from 4.77 to 5.32, suggesting those areas are
already considered to have acidic rain.*

*this is considering that regular pH of rain water shouldn’t be less than 5.65
ACID RAIN CHART
 SOIL QUALITY INDEX OF INDIA
• Soil quality index (SQI) based
on MDS (minimum data set)
was in the range of 0.39-0.72
in the soils under organic
farming and in the range of
0.18-0.54 in the soils under
conventional farming.
• Experts suggest that due to
cultivational needs of India,
soil quality should soon
worsen, although current
studies show otherwise.
 TEMPERATURE RANGE OF INDIA

• Winter, occurring from December to February. The

year's coldest months are December and January, when
temperatures average around 10–15 °C (50–59 °F) in • Post-monsoon or autumn season, lasting
the northwest; temperatures rise as one proceeds from October to November. In the
towards the equator, peaking around 20–25 °C (68– northwest of India, October and
77 °F) in mainland India's southeast.
November are usually cloudless. Tamil
• Summer or pre-monsoon season, lasting from March to Nadu receives most of its annual
May. In western and southern regions, the hottest month
is April and the beginning of May and for northern
precipitation in the northeast monsoon
regions of India, May is the hottest Month. In May, season.
Temperatures average around 32–40 °C (90–104 °F) in
most of the interior.
• Monsoon or rainy season, lasting from June to
September. The season is dominated by the humid
southwest summer monsoon, which slowly sweeps
across the country beginning in late May or early June.
Monsoon rains begin to recede from North India at the
beginning of October. South India typically receives
more rainfall.
HEAT MAP OF INDIA
• Given is the average heat-map of India,
consisting of an average annual temperature
scale.
• Range – Over 81.5F
77F – 81.5F
72.5F – 77F
68F – 72.5F
60.8F – 68F
Under 60.8F
SOIL TYPES IN INDIA
• Although there are multiple types of soil in
India, here are the few major ones:-

i. Alluvial soil

ii. Black soil

iii. Red & yellow soil

iv. Laterite soil

v. Arid soil

vi. Forest soil

EDUCATION OF
FARMERS IN INDIA
• The Census result shows that majority of farmers are Illiterate (28.7%) followed by Primary School,
Middle School & High School all are (51.4%) or High Secondary (10.7%) and graduated are (5.3%) post
graduate (4%), in this table it shows that in total most of the Farmers primary education.
• Although India offers multiple courses for agricultural (horticulture, MSc agriculture, forestry, agronomy,
B.Sc. genetic Plant breeding, Agricultural biotechnology, etc.) most farmers prefer to stick to the primitive
methods ,i.e., that they find modern technology and education unreliable and trust the old practices and
process.
• Even though many farmers do follow modern agricultural practices, still there are majority of farmers who
have only received elementary or secondary education, and therefore, don’t rely on scientific practices a
lot.
HOW MUCH DOES INDIA DEPEND ON
AGRICULTURE?
• About 58% of the Indian population
depends on agriculture for their
livelihood.
• The current contribution of agriculture
to India's GDP is around 18-19%.