SPRINGS AND THIN

CYLINDERS

UNIT-V
INTRODUCTION

• A spring is a device which can undergo considerable amount of

deformation without permanent distortion. The general purpose
of all kinds of springs is to absorb energy and to release it as and
when required. Springs are also used to provide a means of
restoring various mechanisms to their original configurations
against the action of some external force.
COMPARISON OF CLOSELY COILED
HELICAL SPRING AND OPEN COILED
HELICAL SPRING
Closely coiled helical spring Open coiled helical spring
1) The pitch of the coil is very small. The pitch of the coil is large.

2) The gap between the successive turn The gap between the successive
is small. turn is large.
3) The helix angle is less (7o to 10o). The helix angle is more (>10o).

Under axial load, it is subjected to It is subjected to both torsion and

4) torsion only. bending.

5) It can withstand more load. It can withstand less load.

APPLICATIONS OF SPRINGS

• Applying forces and controlling motion, as in brakes and

clutches.
• Measuring forces, as in spring balances.
• Storing energy, as springs used in watches and toys.
• Reducing the effect of shock and vibrations in vehicles and
machine foundations.
Thin cylinders
• Shells are engineering components having greater strength by
virtue of their curved shape. A thin cylindrical shell refers to a
hollow cylindrical structure with a relatively small thickness
compared to its radius or diameter. It is essentially a hollow tube
with thin walls.
Example: Pressure vessels, storage tanks, pipelines, and structural
components.
CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS OR HOOP
STRESS

• Consider a thin cylindrical shell subjected to an

internal pressure as shown in the Fig.5.7. As a result
of this pressure, the cylinder may split up in to two
troughs.
LONGITUDINAL STRESS

• Consider a thin cylindrical shell subjected to an internal

pressure as shown in the fig As a result of this pressure,
the cylinder may split up in to two pieces.