Industry 4.

0 Technologies
Lecture 01

Instructor: Dr. Farshid Najafi

School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering

Simon Fraser University

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Animals and Human Labor in Production (Before 1700)

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The First Industrial Revolution, Industry 1.0
Mechanization 1760-1830
• Machine and tools replaced animals and human labors
• Driven by steam and internal combustion engines
• Widespread use of Iron and steel for machinery

Benz Patent-Motorwagen

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The Second Industrial Revolution, Industry
Ford Motor Company
2.0, Mass Production, 1870-1914
• Assembly lines increased efficiency and productivity

• Shipping made easy via railways and telegraph lines

• New materials including stainless steels and plastics

Ford Motor Company

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The Third Industrial Revolution, Industry 3.0,
Digitalization 1950-2002
• Electronics and IT integrated into machinery and procedures

• Rise in telecommunications, computers, and nuclear power

• Widespread factory automation using robots and PLCs

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0,
Interconnectivity, 2011-present
• Higher level of automation driven by artificial intelligence (AI)
and machine learning (ML)

• Optimized manufacturing using real-time data and sensors

• Integration of cyber-physical systems throughout the supply chain

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Industrial Revolutions

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0,
Interconnectivity, 2011-present

Cyber-physical systems
• Cyber-physical systems are engineered systems where functionalities emerge from the
networked interaction of computational and physical components.
Technologies Involved in Industry 4.0

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Big Data and Data Analytics

Big data is

• high-volume,
• high-velocity,
• and/or high-variety,

information assets that demand cost-effective,

innovative forms of data processing that
enable enhanced insight, decision-making, and
process automation.

Big Data

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Advanced Robotics (Collaborative Robots)

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Advanced Robotics (Collaborative Robots)

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Advanced Robotics
Advanced robots are

• intelligent,
• flexible,
• efficient,
• and autonomous.

They can carry out tasks originally performed

by humans, such as pick and place, assembly
granting them full autonomy.

• Hardware
• Software

Advanced Robotics

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Simulation and Digital Twin

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Simulation and Digital Twin
A digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical
entity.

• Product
• Process
• Logistic
• Operation and commissioning

Benefits:

• Determining Bottlenecks in production

• Analyzing critical points in industrial processes
• Reducing process implementation times
• Minimizing costs
• Anticipating all kinds of scenarios that may emerge
Simulation (Digital Twin)
thereby enhancing business resilience.

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Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT)
The connection of everyday objects to the Internet
through the integration of sensors. Thus, objects
can

• collect,
• exchange,
• and process

information about their physical environment, to

provide added value to end users.

Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT)

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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
This gives the the ability of machines to use algorithms,
learn from data, and use what they learn for decision-
making, as a human would.

AI applications
• Image recognition, classification, and labeling
• protection against cybersecurity threats
• predictive maintenance, in the manufacturing industry

AI and ML

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Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient access
via the Internet to a pool of computing resources

• networks,
• servers,
• storage,
• applications,
• and services

that can be used with minimal effort.

Cloud Computing

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Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) allows a three-
dimensional reproduction of a design that has been
previously created digitally.

It allows complex objects to be mass-produced, adding

layers of material, such as plastic, ceramic, or metal
until the three-dimensional object is formed.

Benefits

• Customization of products Additive Manufacturing

• Reduction in logistics
• Greater flexibility in production
• Increased adaptability for manufacturing lines
Spurred by faster printers, decreasing material costs, and demand
for increasingly individualized products, adoption of 3D printing
has already reached critical mass and is now becoming an
accepted production technology.
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Cybersecurity
Digitization brings many benefits, but also certain
risks and one of them is the increased level of
exposure to cyberattacks.

• Theft of data or sensitive information

• Deterioration of the corporate image
• Economic losses caused by a halt in activity

Cybersecurity

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Augmented Reality (AR)

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Augmented Reality (AR)
AR is the integration of digital information with the
user's environment in real time.

AR users experience a real-world environment with

generated perceptual information overlaid on top of
it.

The benefits of AR in production

• Error-proof production

• Faster and more efficient production and

maintenance
Augmented Reality
• Reducing equipment downtime and
increasing productivity

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Integration
The integration of OT and IT, both vertically and
horizontally.

Benefits

• Transparency

• Access and store all the data that is generated at all levels
of a company, which can later be transformed into value-
added information.

• Reduced costs to the improved ability to cost-effectively

manufacture small custom batches while maintaining the
highest quality standards.

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 Industry 4.0

Smart
connectivity Quality Data Smart devices
and processes
• I-IoT
• Networking of • Data Analytics • Autonomous
machines, humans, and
material
robots
• Intelligent quality
• Integration of IT and OT control

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