MUSCLES CHART

1. Identify this picture

2. Name the muscle proteins

3. What is role of calcium in muscle

contraction
 Sarcomere

The Structural And Functional unit Of a Skeletal Muscle.

Extent
• Each sarcomere extends between two ‘Z’ lines of
myofibril.
• When the muscle is in relaxed state, the average length
is 2 to 3 μ.
 H band-narrow, light band in the centre of A band.
No overlap, only thick filaments are present in a relaxed muscle.
 I band is divided into two portions, by means of a narrow and dark
line called ‘Z’ line or ‘Z’ disk.
 The ‘Z’line -is formed by a protein disk, which does not permit
passage of light.
 The portion of myofibril in between two ‘Z’ lines is called sarcomere .
Muscle Proteins
• Contractile - Myosin, Actin
• Regulatory – Troponin, Tropomyosin
• Attachment –Titin, Nebulin, Alpha Actinin, Desmin,
Myomesin, Dystrophin

Role Of Calcium In Muscle Contraction

• Increase in cytoplasmic ca 2+ triggers the contraction
• Decrease in ca 2+ leads to detachment of ca 2+ from
troponin reverse the process & turns off contractile activity
• Identify the picture

• Explain A, B and C in lower diagram

• Name 2 disorders of neuro-muscular junction

• Neuromuscular junction or motor end plate

• A - Synaptic Vesicles,

B - Axon Terminal In Synaptic Trough,

C - Subneural Clefts
DESTRUCTION OF ACETYLCHOLINE
1. Acetylcholine destroyed very quickly, within one
ms by the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase.
2. The acetylcholine is so potent, even short duration
of 1 millisecond is sufficient to excite the muscle
fiber.
3. Rapid destruction prevents the repeated excitation
of the muscle fiber and allows the muscle to relax.
• Name 2 disorders of neuro-muscular junction

Myasthenia gravis

Lambert- Eaton syndrome

Identify this picture

Explain the molecular basis

What is the role of calcium in skeletal muscle contraction

1. Excitation contraction coupling of skeletal muscle

2.
Role Of Calcium In Muscle Contraction
• When calcium is released into cytosol from ER, it
binds to troponin complex changing the alignment
of troponin.
• This in turn shifts the position of tropomyosin,
exposing the myosin binding sites of actin filament,
• When calcium concentration drops the binding sites
are covered and contraction stops.
 CASE DISCUSSIONS
A 45 year old male came with c/o difficulty
in breathing, easy fatiguability even for minimal
muscular exercise particularly more in the
evening. O/E there is Ptosis.
• What is the diagnosis?
• What is the physiological basis for this
condition?
• Suggest the treatment for this disorder.
• MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Physiological basis:
• Autoimmune disorder
• Decrease in Ach receptor in motor end plate due to
production of autoantibodies against these receptors
• So the magnitude of the End-plate potentials falls
below the threshold for initiating a muscle action
potential – decreased muscle contraction
TREATMENT
• AchE inhibitors: Pyridistigmine, Neostigmine
• Thymectomy
• Immunosuppression: Glucocorticoids,
Azathioprine
• Plasmapheresis
Thank you