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Ism-13-Mengelola Manusia - Scientific Management Perspective
Ism-13-Mengelola Manusia - Scientific Management Perspective
Ism-13-Mengelola Manusia - Scientific Management Perspective
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVE
06/27/24 1
FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR
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FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR (MARCH 20, 1856,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA- MARCH 21, 1915) WAS
AN AMERICAN ENGINEER WHO SOUGHT TO IMPROVE
INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY.
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• TAYLOR’S EARLY EDUCATION WAS LIBERALLY
SPRINKLED WITH THE CLASSIC, THE STUDY OF
FRENCH AND GERMAN, OCCASIONAL TRIPS TO
EUROPE.
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AT ENTERPRISE, TAYLOR DEVELOPED AN
EMPHATY FOR THE WORKER’S POINT OF
VIEW. HE COULD SWEAR WITH THE BEST OF
THEM AND ADMIRED THEIR SENSE OF PRIDE
IN THEIR SKILL.
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TAYLOR AT MIDVALE
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THE COMPANY HAD ESTABLISHED A
PIECEWORK INCENTIVE SYSTEM THAT
TAYLOR KNEW TO BE INEFFECTIVE FROM
HIS OWN WORKING DAYS.
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SYSTEMATIC SOLDIERING (A) CAME FROM
THE WORKER “MORE INTRICATE SECOND
THOUGHT AND REASONING CAUSED BY
THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER MEN”, (B)
POSED A DIFFERENT PROBLEM AND
MANAGERS FOR YEARS HAD BEEN
ATTEMPTING TO COPE WITH THE TENDENCY
INDIVIDUALS TO CONFORM TO GROUP
OUTPUT NORMS.
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WHY DID WORKERS SOLDIER ?, (1) THEY BELIEVED
THAT TO WORK FASTER WOULD THROW LARGE
NUMBER OF WORKERS AS FOLLOW, (2) THE
DEFECTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM THEN IN USE
FORCED WORKERS TO WORK SLOWLY TO PROTECT
THEIR OWN INTEREST, (3) THEY ADHERED TO RULE OF
THUMB WORK METHODS HANDED DOWN FROM
GENERATION TO GENERATION.
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MORE IMPORTANTLY, THE YOUNG TAYLOR REALIZED
THAT A NEW INDUSTRIAL SCHEME WAS ESSENTIAL TO
PREVENT SUCH BITTER LABOR-MANAGEMENT
ENCOUNTERS.
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THE SEARCH FOR SCIENCE IN
MANAGEMENT
TIME STUDY BECAME THE FOUNDATION OF
THE TAYLOR SYSTEM AND SOME
QUESTIONED TAYLOR’S CLAIM TO
ORIGINALITY.
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TAYLOR’S TIME STUDY HAD 2 PHASES :
ANALYTICAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE.
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BUT NEITHER THESE PRINCIPLES, NOR ANY SINGLE
PART OF TAYLOR’S SYSTEM, COULD BE ISOLATED AS A
MAJOR FACTOR :
IT IS NO SINGLE ELEMENT, BUT RATHER THIS WHOLE
COMBINATION, THAT CONSTITUTES SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT, WHICH MAY BE SUMMARIZED :
• SCIENCE , NOT A RULE OF THUMB
• HARMONY, NOT DISCORD
• COOPERATION, NOT INDIVIDUALISM
• MAXIMUM OUTPUT, IN PLACE OF RESTRICTED OUTPUT
• THE DEVELOPMENT OF EACH MAN TO HIS GREATEST
EFFICIENCY AND PROSPERITY
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