ARTS 10

QUARTER 1: MODERN ART

20th CENTURY ART MOVEMENT
Social, political, and environmental changes
• migration across the globe, allowing different cultures, languages,
skills, and even physical characteristics of different races to
intermingle like never before.
• suffered through two World Wars, and several regional wars in
Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
• Great Depression of the 1930s, and the Asian economic crisis of the
1990s.
• Considered the modern-day plague, AIDS has afflicted millions the
world over, while millions more continue to live in hunger, disease,
and poverty.
• Environmental destruction has also become a major concern.
Effects on the world of art

• The art movements of the late 19th century to the

20th century captured and expressed all these and
more.
• these were the movements known as impressionism
and expressionism.
• earlier periods of art had a quite set conventions as to
the style, technique, and treatment of their subjects,
impressionists and expressionists conveyed their
ideas and feelings in bold, innovative ways.
 ACTIVITY

Activity: Pair-Share
The class will be divided into three (3)
groups. They will classify the pictures of
artworks according to 20 century art
th

movements. Each movement will have 2

pictures of artworks
 20 CENTURY ART MOVEMENT
th

• IMPRESSIONISM
• EXPRESSIONISM
• ABSTRACTIONISM
• ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
• AFTER “THE NEW YORK SCHOOL”
• CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS
 IMPRESSIONISM

Impression Sunrise
By: Claude Monet
Starry Night
By: Vincent Van Gogh
 EXPRESSIONISM

Persistence of Memory Guernica

By: Salvador Dali By: Pablo Picasso
 ABSTRACTIONISM

Three Musicians The City

By: Pablo Picasso By: Fernand Leger
 ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Autumn Rhythm Abstract No. 2

By: Jackson Pollock By: Lee Krasner
 AFTER “THE NEW YORK SCHOOL”

Marilyn Monroe (Pop Art) Current (Op Art)

By: Andy Warhol By: Bridget Riley
 CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS

Cordillera Labyrinth Four Masks

By: Roberto Vilanueva By: Edgar Talusan Fernandez
IMPRESSIONISM: Origins of the Movement
Impressionism was an art movement that emerged
in the second half of the 19th century among a group of
Paris-based artists.
The duration of the impressionist movement itself
was quite short, less than 20 years from 1872 to the mid-
1880s. But it had a tremendous impact and influence on
the painting styles that followed, such as neo-
impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism, and cubism
—and even the artistic styles and movements of today.
 The name
impressionism was
coined from the
title of a work by
French painter
Claude Monet,
Impression, soleil
levant (in English,
Impression, Sunrise Claude Monet, 1872 Oil on canvas Impression,
Sunrise).
IMPRESSIONISM – Distinct Characteristics

Color and Light

• Short broken strokes
• Pure unmixed colors side by side
• Freely brushed colors (convey visual
effects)
IMPRESSIONISM – Distinct Characteristics

Everyday Subjects
• Scenes of life
• Household objects
• Landscapes and Seascapes
• Houses, Cafes, buildings
IMPRESSIONISM – Distinct Characteristics

Painting Outdoors
• Previously, still life, portraits, and
landscapes were painted inside the studio.
The impressionists found that they could
best capture the ever-changing effects of
light on color by painting outdoors in
natural light.
IMPRESSIONISM – Distinct Characteristics

Open Composition
• Impressionist painting also moved
away from the formal, structured
approach to placing and positioning
their subjects.
The Influence of Photography
Photography was in its early stages at this time as well. As
it gained popularity, photography inspired impressionists to
capture fleeting moments of action, whether in landscapes or
in the day-to-day lives of people. But whereas camera
snapshots provided objective, true-to-life images, the artists
were able to offer a subjective view of their subjects,
expressing their personal perceptions rather than creating
exact representations. They also had the advantage of
manipulating color, which photography at that time still lacked.
TRUE OR FALSE
1. The name impressionism was coined from the title of a
work by French painter Claude Monet, Impression, soleil
levant (in English, Impression, Sunrise).
2. The duration of the impressionist movement itself was
quite long, more than 40 years from 1832 to the mid-
1880s.
3. Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the
second half of the 19th century among a group of Paris-
based artists.
TRUE OR FALSE
4. The Impression Sunrise, contained a then revolutionary
technique that would profoundly influence the coming
impressionist movement.
5. Impressionism period is a break away from past painting
tradition.
6. Videography inspired impressionists to capture fleeting
moments of action, whether in landscapes or in the day-to-
day lives of people.
Impressionism:
Works of Manet, Monet, and Renoir

By the 1870s, the stage was set for the emergence of the next
major art movement in Europe, impressionism. It started with a
group of French painters—that included Edouard Manet,
Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir—and eventually spread to
other countries, such as Italy, Germany, and The Netherlands.
EDOUARD MANET
Edouard Manet (1832-1883) was one of the first 19th century
artists to depict modern-life subjects. He was a key figure in
the transition from realism to impressionism, with a number
of his works considered as marking the birth of modern art.
 Rue Mosnier Decked With Flags
Argenteuil Edouard Manet, 1878 Oil on canvas
Edouard Manet, 1874 Oil on canvas
 The Bar at the Folies-Bergere
Edouard Manet, 1882 Oil on canvas
Café Concert
Edouard Manet, 1878 Oil on canvas
CLAUDE MONET

Claude Monet (1840-1926) was one of the founders of the

impressionist movement along with his friends Auguste
Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille. He was the most
prominent of the group; and is considered the most influential
figure in the movement. Monet is best known for his
landscape paintings, particularly those depicting his beloved
flower gardens and water lily ponds at his home in Giverny.
La Promenade The Red Boats, Argenteuil
Claude Monet, 1875 Oil on canvas Claude Monet, 1875 Oil on canvas
Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies
Claude Monet, 1899 Oil on canvas Irises in Monet’s Garden
Claude Monet, 1900 Oil on canvas
AUGUSTE RENOIR
Auguste Renoir (1841-1919), along with Claude Monet, was
one of the central figures of the impressionist movement. His
early works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color
and light. By the mid-1880s, however, Renoir broke away from
the impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined,
formal technique to portraits of actual people and figure
paintings.
A Girl with a Watering Can Dancer
Auguste Renoir, 1876 Oil on canvas Auguste Renoir, 1874 Oil on canvas
 Luncheon of the Boating Party
Auguste Renoir, 1881 Oil on canvas
Mlle Irene Cahen d’Anvers
Auguste Renoir, 1880 Oil on canvas
Post-Impressionism:
Works of Cezanne and Van Gogh
After the brief yet highly influential period of impressionism, an outgrowth
movement known as post-impressionism emerged. The European artists who were
at the forefront of this movement continued using the basic qualities of the
impressionists before them—the vivid colors, heavy brush strokes, and true-to-life
subjects. However, they expanded and experimented with these in bold new ways,
like using a geometric approach, fragmenting objects and distorting people’s faces
and body parts, and applying colors that were not necessarily realistic or natural.

Two of the foremost post-impressionists were Paul Cézanne and Vincent van
Gogh.
PAUL CEZANNE

Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) was a French artist and post-

impressionist painter. His work exemplified the transition from
late 19th-century impressionism to a new and radically different
world of art in the 20th century—paving the way for the next
revolutionary art movement known as expressionism.
Hortense Fiquet in a Striped Skirt Still Life with Compotier
Paul Cezanne, 1878 Oil on canvas Paul Cezanne, 1879-1882 Oil on canvas
Harlequin Boy in a Red Vest
Paul Cezanne, 1888-1890 Oil on canvas Paul Cezanne, 1890 Oil on canvas
VINCENT VAN GOGH

Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a post-impressionist painter

from The Netherlands. His works were remarkable for their
strong, heavy brush strokes, intense emotions, and colors that
appeared to almost pulsate with energy. Van Gogh’s striking
style was to have a far-reaching influence on 20th century art,
with his works becoming among the most recognized in the
world.
Sheaves of Wheat in a Field The Sower
Vincent van Gogh, 1885 Oil on canvas Vincent van Gogh, 1888 Oil on canvas
Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers Bedroom at Arles
Vincent van Gogh, 1888 Oil on canvas Vincent van Gogh, 1888 Oil on canvas
Starry Night Wheat Field with Cypresses
Vincent van Gogh, 1889 Oil on canvas Vincent van Gogh, 1889 Oil on canvas
GETTING TO KNOW IMPRESSIONISM

1. Name three of the most prominent artists of the

impressionist movement.
2. Cite one outstanding characteristic of each of these artists.
3. Who were two of the most famous post-impressionists?
4. What new techniques or styles distinguished post-
impressionism from the earlier impressionism?
5. Identify two to three specific artworks where these
techniques are prominently seen.
GETTING TO KNOW IMPRESSIONISM
Prominent Impressionist Artists.
Frédéric Bazille (1841–1870), who only posthumously participated in the Impressionist exhibitions
Gustave Caillebotte (1848–1894), who, younger than the others, joined forces with them in the mid-1870s
Mary Cassatt (1844–1926), American-born, she lived in Paris and participated in four Impressionist exhibitions
Paul Cézanne (1839–1906), although he later broke away from the Impressionists
Edgar Degas (1834–1917), who despised the term Impressionist
Armand Guillaumin (1841–1927)
Édouard Manet (1832–1883), who did not participate in any of the Impressionist exhibitions [53]
Claude Monet (1840–1926), the most prolific of the Impressionists and the one who embodies their aesthetic most obviously [54]
Berthe Morisot (1841–1895) who participated in all Impressionist exhibitions except in 1879
Camille Pissarro (1830–1903)
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919), who participated in Impressionist exhibitions in 1874, 1876, 1877 and 1882
Alfred Sisley (1839–1899)

Two famous post-impressionism artists.

Paul Cézanne (1839–1906), although he later broke away from the Impressionists
Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch: 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist
painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art
history.
GETTING TO KNOW IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism Techniques
• Short, thick strokes of paint quickly capture the essence of the subject, rather than its details. The paint is often
applied impasto.
• Colours are applied side by side with as little mixing as possible, a technique that exploits the principle of
simultaneous contrast to make the colour appear more vivid to the viewer.
• Greys and dark tones are produced by mixing complementary colours. Pure impressionism avoids the use of black
paint.
• Wet paint is placed into wet paint without waiting for successive applications to dry, producing softer edges and
intermingling of colour.
• Impressionist paintings do not exploit the transparency of thin paint films (glazes), which earlier artists manipulated
carefully to produce effects. The impressionist painting surface is typically opaque.
• The paint is applied to a white or light-coloured ground. Previously, painters often used dark grey or strongly coloured
grounds.
• The play of natural light is emphasized. Close attention is paid to the reflection of colours from object to object.
Painters often worked in the evening to produce effets de soir—the shadowy effects of evening or twilight.
• In paintings made en plein air (outdoors), shadows are boldly painted with the blue of the sky as it is reflected onto
surfaces, giving a sense of freshness previously not represented in painting. (Blue shadows on snow inspired the
technique.)
ACTIVITY NO. 4 – WHAT TO PROCESS
Creating Your Own Impressionist Artwork: Impasto
One of the most distinctive painting techniques used by impressionist artists was
impasto. Impasto is the very heavy application of paint to the canvas—often with a
spatula or knife instead of a paintbrush, and sometimes even directly squeezed
from the tube.

Materials: ¼ illustration board or chipboard

Tubes of acrylic paints (can be shared among the class members)
Paintbrushes
Wooden popsicle sticks
Pencil
Rags for clean up
EXPRESSIONISM: A Bold New Movement

In the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art world a

movement that came to be known as expressionism.
Expressionist artists created works with more emotional force,
rather than with realistic or natural images. To achieve this,
they distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and exaggerated
forms. They worked more with their imagination and feelings,
rather than with what their eyes saw in the physical world.
EXPRESSIONISM: A Bold New Movement
SUB-MOVEMENTS

1. Neoprimitivism – Elements form the native arts of the

South Sea Islanders.
2. Fauvism – Uses bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions.
3. Dadaism – Characterized by dreams, fantasies, memory
images, and visual tricks and illusions.
4. Surrealism – Depicts an illogical subconscious dream world
beyond the logical conscious, physical one.
5. Social Realism – Expresses the artists role in social reform.
 NEOPRIMITIVISM

Head Yellow Sweater

Amedeo Modigliani, c. 1913 Amedeo Modigliani, 1919
Stone Oil on canvas
 FAUVISM

Blue Window Woman with Hat

Henri Matisse, 1911 Oil on canvas Henri Matisse, 1905 Oil on canvas
 DADAISM

Melancholy and Mystery of a Street I and the Village

Giorgio de Chirico, 1914 Oil on canvas Marc Chagall, 1911 Oil on canvas
 SURREALISM

Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali, 1931 Oil on canvas
 SOCIAL REALISM

Guernica
Pablo Picasso, 1937 Oil on canvas
ABSTRACTIONISM

Another group of artistic styles emerged at the same time as the expressionist
movement. It had the same spirit of freedom of expression and openness that
characterized life in the 20th century, but it differed from expressionism in certain
ways. This group of styles was known as abstractionism.

The abstractionist movement arose from the intellectual points of view in the 20th
century. In the world of science, physicists were formulating a new view of the
universe, which resulted in the concepts of space-time and relativity. This
intellectualism was reflected even in art. While expressionism was emotional,
abstractionism was logical and rational. It involved analyzing, detaching, selecting,
and simplifying.
ABSTRACTIONISM
SUB-MOVEMENTS

1. Cubism – Artworks were a play of planes and angles on a

flat surface.
2. Futurism – Arts were created for a fast-paced, machine
propelled age.
3. Mechanical Style – The result of futurist movement. Basic
forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and cylinders all fit
together precisely and neatly in their appointed places.
4. Non-Objectivism – Do not use figures.
 CUBISM

Three Musicians Girl Before a Mirror (detail)

Pablo Picasso, 1921 Oil on canvas Pablo Picasso, 1932 Oil on canvas
 FUTURISM
The movement known as
futurism began in Italy in the
early 1900s. As the name implies,
the futurists created art for a fast-
paced, machine-propelled age.
They admired the motion, force,
speed, and strength of mechanical
forms. Thus, their works depicted
the dynamic sensation of all these
—as can be seen in the works of
Italian painter Gino Severini. Armored Train
Gino Severini, 1915
Oil on canvas
 MECHANICAL STYLE
This can be seen in the works
of Fernand Léger. Mechanical
parts such as crankshafts,
cylinder blocks, and pistons
are brightened only by the use
of primary colors. Otherwise,
they are lifeless. Even human
figures are mere outlines,
rendered purposely without
expression. The City
Fernand Léger, 1919
Oil on canvas
 NON-OBJECTIVISM
Lines, shapes, and colors were
used in a cool, impersonal
approach that aimed for
balance, unity, and stability.
Colors were mainly black,
white, and the primaries (red,
yellow, and blue). Foremost
among the nonobjectivists
was Dutch painter Piet
New York City
Mondrian. Piet Mondrian, 1942
Oil on canvas