DRAFTING

TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are
expected to do the following:
Define Drafting
Identify drafting materials and
tools/drawing instruments
Technical drawing, drafting or
drawing, is the act and discipline of
composing drawings that visually
communicate how something
functions or is constructed.
 MATERIALS &
FUNCTIONS
Drawing paper
Various types of drawing papers are available for
use but hard and soft surface drawing papers are
highly recommended to be the best.

This type does not groove easily when pressure is

applied to the pencil. Oslo paper is commonly
used but bond paper is also recommended.
Masking tape
It is used for fastening the drawing paper on the
drawing table or drawing board because it does not
damage the board and it will not damage the paper if it
is removed by pulling it off.

Pencil sharpener
Pencils should be sharpened whenever they show sign
of dullness. Various types and designs are available in
the store for use.
Eraser
This is used to clean the dirt off the drawing. A soft
eraser is advantageous in removing smudges and
pencil marks, whereas, a harder eraser is useful for
making changes and correcting errors in the drawing.

Drawing pencil
This is one of the most important tools in drawing. It
comes in various grades. The grade of pencil to be used
depends on the quality of paper to be used. You have to
take into consideration also the type of line work
required.
Types of Pencil
Hard pencils – are used where
extreme accuracy is required
especially working on graphs,
diagrams and charts.
Medium pencils – are used for
general purpose work in drawing.
Soft pencils – are too soft to be
used in mechanical drafting. They
are very useful for art work of
various kinds.
Drawing Board
A drawing board provides a straight working edge
necessary for constructing horizontal and vertical
lines. It is traditionally made of well seasoned
wood but is now also made of masonite and hard
plastic.

T-Square
is used to construct horizontal lines. It also serves as a
base for triangles when drawing vertical lines. The T-
square has two parts called the blade and the head that
should be joined together firmly.
Parallel Ruler
The parallel rule replaces the T-square. It moves up and
down the drawing surface by means of pulleys and a guide
rope. The guide rope or wire keeps it in a parallel position.

Triangles
Triangles with 30-60-90-degree and 45-45-90-degree
angles are used for drawing vertical lines with the T-
square or parallel rule as the horizontal support. 15, 30,
45, 60, and 75-degree lines to the horizontal are
constructed by using one or both of the triangles.
Adjustable Triangle
Adjustable triangles are used to draw angles
other than the usual 15 degree increments.

Protractor
A protractor is used to measure and draw
angles not divisible by 15 degrees when neither
the 30-60-90-degree nor the 45-45-90-degree
triangle can be used.
Metric Scale
A scale is used to reproduce the dimensions of an
object in a full, reduced or enlarged size on a drawing.

Pencil
Graphite lead pencils are the basic instruments used in
mechanical drawing and come in varying degrees of
hardness. Drawing pencils are graded in numbers and
letters from 6B, very soft and black to 5B, 4B,3B, 2B,
and HB to F, the medium grade; then H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H,
6H,7H, and 8H to 9H, the hardest. The soft (B) grades
are used primarily for sketching and rendering and the
hard (H) grades for instrument drawings.
LESSON 2: LETTERING

Understand the fundamentals of typography, including serif,

sans-serif, and decorative fonts.
Learn to differentiate between different lettering styles such
as script, block, and graffiti.
Develop basic skills in hand-lettering techniques using
various tools like pens, markers, and brushes.
Apply lettering skills to practical projects such as designing
posters, banners, or personalized stationery.
Lettering is the process by which letters, including numbers,
are composed for providing ease and speed in communicating
ideas.
It is considered as the written language of the drafting
industry. The letters in the present-day alphabet originated
from the ancient Egyptians as evidenced by their Egyptian
hieroglyphics or hieratic writing. Later on, they underwent
some changes made by the Phoenicians, the Greeks, and the
Romans. The Romans were the ones who gave the form of the
letters from which the existing letters in the alphabet were
derived.
Letters are combinations of
the following essential parts:
 Stem – which is either of
the horizontal or vertical
units
 Swash line - refers to the
oblique part
 Lobe – which is the
curved poart
Styles of Letters
There are different styles of letters used today:
Gothic or Sans Serif, Roman, Text, Italic, and
Script.
1. Gothic Styles or Sans Serif - This class
applies to all letters that have uniform width
elements. Gothic letters are further classified as
single-stroke, round, or gold. The Gothic style
is the plainest and most legible among the styles
of letters. This is commonly used in billboard
signs, posters, and car cards.
The gothic letters group

A. Single stroke vertical B. Single stroke vertical

uppercase letters lowercase letters
C. Single stroke inclined B. Single stroke inclined
uppercase letters lowercase letters
2. Roman
This classification pertains to all
letters having "accented“ strokes or
are made up of a thick and thin
elements.

Two kinds of Roman letters are Old

Roman and Modern Roman.
 4th Quarter Project: DECORATIVE NAME POSTER

EXAMPLE:
DECORATIVE NAME POSTER
GUIDELINES:

1. Gather Your Materials: 1/8th Illustration board , pencils, erasers,

rulers, and fine-point markers or pens and coloring materials.
2. Use complete name
3. Use Roman Letter
4. Sketch Your Design: Begin by sketching your name in the Roman
letter style. Pay attention to details like spacing and proportions.
GUIDELINES:

5. Add Decorative Touches: Enhance your

design with decorative elements such as
flourishes, swirls, or serifs to personalize it and
make it visually appealing.

6. Add Color: If desired, use

colored markers or pens to add flair to
your design, considering complementary
colors or sha ↓ that reflect your style
Deadline of this project

June 6, 2024
3. Text
This style includes all types of Old
English texts, like the Church text,
Block text, and German text. It is
widely used today in diplomas,
certificates, Bibles, land titles, and
wedding invitations.
 5. Script
4. Italic
These are writings of the
These are slanted letters used in
ordinary cursive form commonly
the heading of newspapers,
used in wedding invitations,
columns, and advertisements. They
diplomas, certificates, and
could be Roman italic or Gothic
Christmas cards..
italic.
Assignment

Question: What is a point, a line and an Angle?

Write your answer in your TLE notebook.
A point represents a location in a
particular space on a given drawing. A
point has no height, width, and depth. A
point may be made by any of the
following:

Intersecting lines A small cross or a cross

bar on a given line
A line refers to the shortest distance
between two points. It has no breadth but
it has length. Lines may be vertical,
diagonal, horizontal, perpendicular,
parallel, and sloping.
Parallel line
Diagonal line

Perpendicular line

Sloping
Vertical line Horizontal line
An angle is formed by two intersecting lines.
Below are the various kinds of angles.

Straight angle
A triangle refers to a plane bounded by three straight
sides and the sum of the interior angles is always 180
degrees. There are several kinds of triangles and they
are as follows:

Equilateral Triangle - a
triangle wherein all sides
are equal and its angles
are also equal
Isosceles Triangle -a
triangle whose two sides
and the two included
angles are equal
Scalene Triangle - a Right Triangle - a
triangle wherein no triangle that has one
sides or angles are angle equal to 90 degrees
equal.
History
Make a timeline of the important historical events or list historical contributions made by people of
African heritage.

1st Event 2nd Event 3rd Event 4th Event 5th Event 6th Event

Date Date Date Date Date Date

Description Description Description Description Description Description

Interesting facts
List some interesting facts about Black History Month. Here
are a few examples:
• In 1926, Carter G. Woodson launched a weeklong celebration of
black history in the United States.
• In 1976, President Gerald Ford officially recognizes Black History
Month.
• Black History Month is also celebrated by Canada, Ireland, The
Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
Key people
Choose three leaders for Black History Month using Bing.com and discuss their lives and
accomplishments. Here are some examples:

Bayard Rustin was a close advisor to
Martin Luther King and an American
leader of the civil rights movement. Rustin
organized and led several protests,
including the 1963 March on Washington.
Jesse Owens was an American track and
field athlete and four-time gold medalist
in the 1936 Olympic Games in Germany.
Owens specialized in the sprints and the
long jump.
Zora Neale Hurston was an American
author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. In
1937, she published her famous novel,
Their Eyes Were Watching God.
 Conclusion
Provide a brief summary of your presentation.
Remind the audience what you covered in the previous slides.
Questions & answers
Invite questions from the audience
Resources
List the resources you used for your research:
• Source #1
• Source #2
• Source #3