DRAFTING

TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this Lesson,
you are expected to do the following:
 Define Drafting
 Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing
instruments
 Introduction

Mechanical drafting is the

process of creating drawings which
communicate of how something can
be constructed. It is a way of
showcasing a 3D object on a 2D piece
of paper and it shows how the model
or part would look-like from each
direction.

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 Definition of Terms

Assembly drawing – a drawing that shows how different parts

go together
Compass – an instrument used when drawing arcs and circles
Delivery receipt – a form that shows proof or receipt of goods or
services
Detailed drawing – a drawing showing a single part of a
machine
Dimensioning – the process of placing measurements in a
Divider – a drawing instrument used when transferring measurements,
dividing lines, arcs into the desired number of equal parts
Drawing – a picture, diagram made of lines, a graphic representation of
real thing, an idea or a design for production or construction
Drawing pencil – one of the most important tools of a draftsman, used
for drawing
English system – a system of linear measurement where it is based on
standard foot
Erasing shield – used when clearing up smudges, unnecessary
pencil lines
Geometrical construction – the process wherein geometric
problems are solved accurately in mechanical drawings
Mechanical drafting – a process for making accurate drawings
using special drawing tools and instruments
Metric system – a system of linear measurement which it is based
on the standard meter
Orthographic drawing – the object is presented into two or more
views by projecting the outline into the planes of projection
perpendicular to each other
Pictorial view – the presentation of an object where it is viewed
showing the three faces of an object are shown
Protractor – used for determining gradations of the degrees when
measuring arcs and circles
Requisition form – an official form, a printed document on which a
request is made
Sketch – a quickly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a
finished work
Triangular scale – a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing
in an enlarged or reduced version to some regular proportion
T-Square – a drawing instrument used when drawing horizontal and
vertical lines
 MATERIALS &
FUNCTIONS
Drawing paper
Various types of drawing papers are available for use
but hard and soft surface drawing papers are highly
recommended to be the best. This type does not
groove easily when pressure is applied to the pencil.
Oslo paper is commonly used but bond paper is also
recommended.
Masking tape
It is used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing
table or drawing board because it does not damage the
board and it will not damage the paper if it is removed
by pulling it off.
Pencil sharpener
Pencils should be sharpened whenever they show sign
of dullness. Various types and designs are available in
the store for use.
Eraser
This is used to clean the dirt off the drawing. A soft
eraser is advantageous in removing smudges and pencil
marks, whereas, a harder eraser is useful for making
changes and correcting errors in the drawing.
Drawing pencil
This is one of the most important tools in drawing. It
comes in various grades. The grade of pencil to be used
depends on the quality of paper to be used. You have to
take into consideration also the type of line work
required.
 Hard pencils – are used
Types of Pencil where extreme accuracy is
required especially working
on graphs, diagrams and
charts.
Medium pencils – are used
for general purpose work in
drawing.
Soft pencils – are too soft
to be used in mechanical
drafting. They are very
useful for art work of
 DRAFTING
TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:
 Define Drafting
 Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments
 Identify different types of lines
 Showcase alphabet of line through drawing
Orthographic Drawing
The term orthographic is derived from TYPES of LINES
two Greek words: orthos, which means  BORDER LINE
‘‘straight’’ and graphos which means
 VISIBLE LINE
‘to draw’’. In other words, it describes a
type of drawing represented only by  HIDDEN Or INVISIBLE LINE

lines without shading or rendering.  CENTER LINE

 PROJECTION or EXTENSION LINE

Alphabet of lines  DIMENSION LINE
The basis of all drawings is line. Many
 REFERENCE LINE
different lines are used even in simple
drawings. All lines should be made so  LEADER LINE

clearly that there will be no doubt of  LIMITING LINE

their meaning when the drawing is read.
BORDER LINE - Is the heaviest and darkest line in a drawing. It surrounds a drawing and
is usually rectangular in shape.

VISIBLE LINES – are sometimes called object line. These represent the visible outline or
parts of an object.

HIDDEN or INVISIBLE LINES – these lines consist of small or short dashes with gaps in
between that are about 1-2 millimeters wide.

CENTER LINE – it is the lightest or finest line in a drawing. It consists of one long dash
and

PROJECTION LINES – also called as extension lines. Continuous lines extending from a
view to show clearly the dimension limits.
DIMENSION LINE – it consists of three parts: arrowheads, fine line and number of measurements. It is used to indicate
the measurements of an object.

REFERENCE LINES – it is an irregular, fine, curved line with an arrowhead at one end, It is used to label the parts of an
object.

LEADER LINE – is a broken line with an arrowhead at one end. It is used for indicating the measurement and name of a
part.

LIMITING LINE – is used for limiting the length of an elongated object, so that it can be shown without changing the
size of its view.
Angle - geometrical figure composed of two straight
lines intersecting at one of their extremities
Calculation - act or process of or result of calculating
Circle - closed curve where all points are equally
distant from the center
Concentric circles - consist of two or more circles with
a common center.
Decimal - number expressed in a counting system that
uses units of 10, especially a decimal fraction
Dimension - measurable extent of length, thickness and
width Eccentric circles - circles having no common center.
English system – scaled in inches where one foot equals
12 inches.
Formula - special kind of equation. It is a mathematical
rule expressing the relationship of two or more quantities
by means of numerals, variables and operating symbols
Geometric shapes - characterized by straight lines,
regular curves, and angles
Graduation - scale of a measuring tool
Mensuration – act of art of measuring
Metric system – system of measurement based
on the meter Perpendicular lines – lines which
make a 900 angle with each other
Radius - length of a straight line connecting
the center of a circle with a point on the
circumference of a circle.
Standard - measure of reference
ACTIVITY 1: Word Hunt
Direction: Find 10 words that are related to the lesson. Write
your answer in ¼ sheet of paper.

D I M E N S I O N R A A G
O M D E C I M A L D N E R
H E E K U U E E I R G R A
K N E T Y P E W Y E L F D
A S E M R A D I U S E D U
A U S H T I F E O U R S A
G R W H I O C I R C L E T
F A G G T K U S U U E E I
Y T H D E I U Q Y O W S O
U I O E Q I K A K S E W N
F O R M U L A E E P T U U
N N C A K C U M A D S E I
E N G L I S H S Y S T E M
ACTIVITY 2: LANDSCAPE
DRAWING
DIRECTIONS:
In one piece oslo paper or bond
paper, make a landscape drawing
showcasing the ALPHABET OF
LINE.
Orthographic Drawing is the method of
representing the exact shape and size of a
given object in one or several views.
Others call it “multi-view drawing”
because it represents not only one but
several views which are projections of an
object as observed in one surface.
 The Three Regular Views
The Top, Front and Right side views are arranged closer
together, are shown on the picture. These are called Three
regular views.
Activity 2

Direction: Draw the three Views of this figure.

(5 points each view)
 meet our team

TAKUMA HAYASHI MIRJAM NILSSON​ FLORA BERGGREN​ RAJESH SANTOSHI

president chief executive officer chief operations officer vp marketing

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meet our extended team

TAKUMA HAYASHI MIRJAM NILSSON​ FLORA BERGGREN​ RAJESH SANTOSHI

president chief executive officer chief operations officer vp marketing

GRAHAM BARNES ROWAN MURPHY ELIZABETH MOORE ROBINE KLINE

vp product SEO strategist product designer content developer
 plan for product launch
PLANNING synergize scalable e-commerce

MARKETING disseminate standardized metrics

DESIGN coordinate e-business applications

STRATEGY foster holistically superior methodologies

LAUNCH deploy strategic networks with compelling e-business needs

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timeline
NOV 20XX
disseminate standardized metrics

SEP 20XX
synergize scalable e-commerce

JAN 20XX
coordinate e-business applications

MAR 20XX MAY 20XX

foster holistically superior deploy strategic networks with
methodologies compelling e-business needs
 areas of focus
B2B MARKET SCENARIOS
o Develop winning strategies to keep ahead of the competition
o Capitalize on low-hanging fruit to identify a ballpark value
o Visualize customer directed convergence​

CLOUD-BASED OPPORTUNITIES
o Iterative approaches to corporate strategy
o Establish a management framework from the inside

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 how we get there
ROI NICHE MARKETS SUPPLY CHAINS

o Envision multimedia- o Pursue scalable customer o Cultivate one-to-one

based expertise and cross- service through customer service with
media growth strategies sustainable strategies robust ideas

o Visualize quality o Engage top-line web o Maximize timely

intellectual capital services with cutting-edge deliverables for real-time
deliverables schemas
o Engage worldwide
methodologies with web-
enabled technologies

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 summary
At Contoso, we believe in giving 110%. By
using our next-generation data architecture, we
help organizations virtually manage
agile workflows. We thrive because of our
market knowledge and great team behind our
product. As our CEO says, "Efficiencies will
come from proactively transforming how we
do business."​

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