NUMBERS

Place Value

2
Types of Numbers

3
 DEFINITIONS

NATURAL NUMBERS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……….

WHOLE NUMBERS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …….

INTEGERS ………-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ………

REAL NUMBERS INTEGERS + DECIMALS

……….-6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, …….

……….-5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5,…….

Factors & Multiples

5
2019 GMAT OFFICIAL GUIDE page number 102
3.1Arithmetic
1. Properties of Integers
• An integer is any number in the set {….−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,...}.If x
and y are integers and x ≠ 0, then x is a divisor (factor) of y
provided that y = xn for some integer n.
• In this case, y is also said to be divisible by x or to be a multiple
of x.
• For example,7 is a divisor or factor of 28 since 28 = (7)(4),but 8
is not a divisor of 28 since there is no integer n such that 28 =
8n.
• If x and y are positive integers,
• Any integer that is divisible by 2 is an even integer; the set of
even integers is {. . . −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, . . .}.
• Integers that are not divisible by 2 are odd integers; {...
−3,−1,1,3,5,...} is the set of odd integers.
Copyright @ GMAC
2019 GMAT OFFICIAL GUIDE page number 102

• If X and Y are INTEGERS

• If X ≠ ZERO
• If Y/X = INTEGER

Then
• X is a FACTOR of Y , Y is a MULTIPLE of X
2019 GMAT OFFICIAL GUIDE page number 102

• If X and Y are INTEGERS

• If X ≠ ZERO
• If Y/X = INTEGER

Then
• X is a FACTOR of Y , Y is a MULTIPLE of X

Inferences

1. For a number to be referred to be a FACTOR / MULTIPLE the

number has to be an integer.
2. X ≠ ZERO, Y may be = ZERO
3. FACTORS /MULTIPLES should be considered positive as well as
negative unless otherwise clarified.
NUMBER OF FACTORS
Factors & Multiples

10
LCM and HCF

11
Handout, Page No: QH-23 Qn.No - 1

How many positive factors does 200 have?

A. 3
B. 6
C. 12
D. 15
E. 18
Handout, Page No: QH-23 Qn.No - 2

How many positive integers less than 10 are either a positive

multiple of 3, or a positive multiple of 4, or the sum of a positive
multiple of 3 and a positive multiple of 4?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
E. 9
 Handout, Page No: QH-23, Qn.No - 4

If digit p is thousandths digit of A = 7.23p6. What is the value of p?

(1) When A is rounded to hundredths digit, the hundredths
digit of A is 4
(2) p is a prime number
Handout, Page No: QH-25 Qn.No - 20

If x and y are positive integers, is xy + (xx)(yy) odd?

(1) x+2y is odd
(2) y+2x is odd
Number, Divisor & Remainder formula
 y is a multiple of x
 x is a divisor of y
 x is a factor of y
 When y is divide by x, the remainder is 0
 y is divisible by x

Eg. 5 is a factor of N

Eg. 15 is a divisor of X

Eg. 10 is a multiple of Y
16
Handout, Page No: QH-24, Qn.No - 8
If p, q, and r are positive integers such that q is a multiple of p,
and r is a factor of p, which of the following is NOT necessarily an
integer?
Handout, Page No: QH-25 Qn.No - 17

Is N an integer ?
(1) 2N is an integer
(2) 5N is an integer
Handout, Page No: QH-24, Qn.No - 9

If positive integer P is a multiple of 22 and positive integer Q is a

multiple of 55, is PQ a multiple of 70?
(1) Q is a multiple of 49
(2) P is a multiple of 4
Handout, Page No: QH-23 Qn.No - 7

If ‘m’ is a positive integer and m3 is divisible by 48, then what is

the minimum possible value of m?
A. 6
B. 9
C. 12
D. 18
E. 48
Number, Divisor & Remainder formula
When y is divided by x, the remainder is R

Eg. When N is divided by 10, remainder is 5

Eg. When Y is divided by 15, remainder is 7

21
Handout, Page No: QH-24 Qn.No - 10

If P and Q are positive integers that have remainders of 2 and 5,

respectively, when divided by 8, which of the following can NOT
be a possible value of P + Q?
A. 7
B. 15
C. 20
D. 31
E. 63
Handout, Page No: QH-24 Qn.No - 11
Integer N lies between 25 and 35, what is the value of N?
(1) When N is divided by 3, the remainder is 1
(2) When N is divided by 4, the remainder is 2
Handout, Page No: QH-24 Qn.No - 12
What is the remainder when the positive integer N is divided by 12?
(1) When N is divided by 3, the remainder is 1

(2) When N is divided by 4, the remainder is 2

Handout, Page No: QH-24 Qn.No - 13
What is the remainder when a positive integer N is divided by 24?
(1) When N is divided by 6, the remainder is 3.

(2) When N is divided by 4, the remainder is 1.

 Divisibility Rules
Divisible by 2: The last digit is even

Divisible by 3: Sum the digits must be divisible by 3

Divisible by 4: The last two digits must be divisible by 4

Divisible by 5: The last digit is either 0 or 5

Divisible by 6: The number must be divisible by both 2 & 3

Divisible by 8: The last three digits must be divisible by 8

Divisible by 9: Sum the digits must be divisible by 9

Divisible by 10: The last digit is 0

26
Handout, Page No: QH-24, Qn.No - 14
Pat took ‘N’ whole days to complete the project. If the dash
represent the digit which has been omitted, then which of the
following could be the number of hours that he took to complete
the project?
(A)6_98
(B) 6_36
(C) 6_50
(D) 6_90
(E) 8_62
Cyclicity (Unit’s Place Concept)
 CYCLICITY CONCEPT
Finding Unit digit in the expression of the form am
Powers
1 2 3 4
0 0 0 0 0
Unit Digits

1 1 1 1 1
2 2 4 8 6
3 3 9 7 1
4 4 6 4 6
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 7 9 3 1
8 8 4 2 6
9 9 1 9 1
Handout, Page No: QH-24 Qn.No - 15
Simplify : (163 – 153) (162 – 152)
A. 22468
B. 22351
C. 22216
D. 22192
E. 22106
Handout, Page No: QH-23 Qn.No - 5
What is the units digit of (23)7(12)8(517)22 ?
A. 9
B. 5
C. 8
D. 1
E. 3
Handout, Page No: QH-25, Qn.No - 16
Which of the following cannot be a square of an integer?
(A) 275625
(B) 261121
(C) 385641
(D) 426408
(E) 227529
Formula Sheet, Qn.No - 41

Squares of integers never end in___, ____, ____, and ____.

Handout, Page No: QH-25, Qn.No - 16

Which of the following cannot be a square of an integer?
(A) 275625
(B) 261121
(C) 385641
(D) 426408
(E) 227529
Handout, Page No: QH-23 Qn.No - 6
N is a positive integer. What is the remainder when 2N is divided
by 10?
(1) N is divisible by 2
(2) N is divisible by 4
Handout, Page No: QH-25 Qn.No - 18

X is the product of integers from 1 to 10, inclusive. If 2N is a factor

of X, what is the greatest possible value of N?
Handout, Page No: QH-25 Qn.No - 18

X is the product of integers from 1 to 10, inclusive. If 2N is a factor

of X, what is the greatest possible value of N?
Q. How many 2’s in 20! ?
Q. How many 3’s in 20! ?
Handout, Page No: QH-25 Qn.No - 19

N is the product of all the integers from 1 to 75, inclusive. If 10K

is a factor of N, what is the greatest possible value of K?
o 5
o 10
o 12
o 18
o 25
Two digit number and its Reverse number
Handout, Page No: QH-23, Qn.No - 3
A is a two digit positive integer, and B is formed by interchanging
the digits of A. Which of the following could be true?
I. A + B = 63
II. A – B = 33
III. A + B = 132
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) II and III only
Terminating Decimal
Handout, Page No: QH-25, Qn.No - 22
Any decimal that has only a finite number of non-zero digits is a
terminating decimal. If a and b are positive integers and the
ratio is expressed as a decimal, is a terminating decimal?
(1) 50 < a < 60
(2) b = 3
Handout, Page No: QH-25, Qn.No - 23
The ratio is expressed as a decimal. Is , a terminating decimal?
(1) s = 23
(2) r is a positive integer
 CONCEPT OF REPEATING DECIMAL

 Any INTEGER divided by 3 will result in ONE repeating decimal

 Any INTEGER divided by 7 will result in SIX repeating decimal

 Any INTEGER divided by 11 will result in TWO repeating decimal

Handout, Page No: QH-25, Qn.No - 21
Which of the following fractions when expressed as repeating
decimals would have the longest sequence of different digits?