Mamdouh EL Kafrawy

Clinical

Mamdouh EL Kafrawy
Hypermetropia
Hypermetropia
Farsightedness
Hypermetropia
• It is the refractive condition
of the eye in which when
accommodation at rest,
rest the
incident parallel rays are
focused behind the retina.
retina
Hyperopia
 Hypermetropia

Parallel F
light

F2 is behind the retina

Hypermetropia

F2

F2 is behind the retina

Hypermetropia

Punctum
remotum
Is a virtual
Point behind
the eye
Hypermetropia

PR

Punctum
remotum
Is a virtual
Point behind
the eye
Hypermetropia

PR

The nearer
the PR to
The eye , the
More the
hyperopia
 Hyperm etopia
Aetiology

Refractive Axial Aphakia

Index Curvature
Cornea plana
Cornea plana
Aphakia

Posterior
dislocation
of the lens
Aphakia
Accommodation
Accommodation
Farsighted Eye
 In uncorrected hyperopia
the retinal image is smaller
than for the emmetropia
Visual Axis Optical Axis
 Total
Hypermetropia

Latent Manifest
Hyperm etropia Hyperm etropia

Facultative Absolute
Hyperm etropia Hyperm etropia
 Total
H yperm etropia
10 D

Latent M anifest
H yperm etropia H yperm etropia
1 D 9D

F a culta tive Ab so lute

H yp erm etro p ia H yp erm etro p ia
6D 3D
 . Locate the far point .1

2. Choose a lens whose focal point

corresponds to the far point .
 Neutral
point

With Against

7- 6- 4- 3- 2- 1- 0 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+
 Hypermetropia

Parallel
light
Hypermetropia
Hypermetropia

Far
Point
?
Parallel
light
 Focal distance

Parallel
light
Focus
Parallel
light
Parallel
light
 Far
Point
?
 Focus

Parallel
light

Far
Point
?
 Power Of Correcting Lens

• Correcting lens at the principle

plane:
• D = 1/f
• Where:
• D = power of the lens.
•f = focal length.
• d = BVD ( ~ 13 mm )
 Power Of Correcting Lens

• Spectacle correction
• Ds = 1/f-d
• Where:
• D = power of the lens.
•f = focal length.
• d = BVD ( ~ 13 mm ) is negative
 Power Of Correcting Lens

• eg. In Hyperope +5 D:
• Ds = 1/f-d = 1/+0.20 -(-0.13)
=+3.75 D
=( less than actual error)
• Where:
• D = power of the lens.(-4D)
• f = focal length.(- 0.25)
• d = BVD ( ~ 13 mm ) is negative
No complaint

No treatment
Size Of The Image
• If the correcting lens is
placed at F1 of the eye ----►
size of retinal image is
unchanged.
• If it is placed further than F1
of the eye ----► size of
retinal image is increased.
Size Of The Image
• If it is placed nearer than F1 of
the eye ----► size o retinal
image is decreased.
• So the hyperopic presbyope
tends to slide his glasses
down his nose to gain a
magnifying effect.
Spectacle Magnification ( SM)

Corrected ametropic image size

----------------------------------------
Uncorrected ametropic image size
 Relative Spectacle
Magnification ( RSM)

Corrected ametropic image size

----------------------------------------
emmetropic image size
Contact Lenses
 Far
Point
?
Focal distance

Focus

Far
Point
?
 Focal distance

Parallel
light

Focal distance
 Power Of Correcting Lens

• To change glasses to CL
• Dc = Ds/1-dDs
• Where:
• D = power of the lens.
•f = focal length.
• d = BVD ( ~ 13 mm ) is positive