PV SYSTEM WITH MAXIMUM POWER POINT

TRACKER ( MPPT )

Project Members

‫فيرينا اشرف وديع عزيز‬

‫هاجر إبراهيم السعودي‬
project advisor
DR/ LAILA ABO HASHEM
CONTENTS......

✨INTRODUCTION
✨WHAT IS MPPT
✨components
✨How MPPT works?
✨METHODS FOR MPPT
✨ full simulink model of Perturb and Observe MPPT with
boost converter
✨full simulink model of Perturb and Observe MPPT with
bulk converter
 ✨INTRODUCTION

Solar energy is abundantly available that has made it possible to harvest it and
utilize it properly. Solar energy can be a standalone generating unit or can be a
grid connected generating unit depending on the availability of a grid nearby.
The constant increase in the development of the solar cells manufacturing
technology would definitely make the use of these technologies possible
on a wider basis than what the scenario is presently. The use of the newest
power control mechanisms called the Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) algorithms has led to the increase in the efficiency of operation of
the solar modules and thus is effective in the field of utilization of
renewable sources of energy
✨WHAT IS MPPT?

is algorithm that included in charge controllers used for extracting

maximum available power from PV module under certain conditions.
The voltage at which PV module can produce maximum power is called
‘maximum power point’ (or peak power voltage).
 1-solar PV array
A photovoltaic array is the complete power-generating unit, consisting of any
number of PV modules and panels.
Equivalent circuit of solar PV array
Considering only a single solar cell; it can be
modeled by utilizing a current source, a diode and
two resistors.

P-V I-V curve of a solar cell at given temperature and solar irradiation
It can be seen that the cell operates as a constant
current source at low values of operating voltages and
a constant voltage source at low values of operating
current
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF SOLAR IRRADIATION
With increase in the solar irradiation the open circuit
voltage increases. This is due to the fact that, when more
sunlight incidents on to the solar cell, the electrons are
supplied with higher excitation energy, thereby increasing
the electron mobility and thus more power is generated Variation of P-V curve with solar
irradiation
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE
On the contrary the temperature increase around the solar cell
has a negative impact on the power generation capability. Increase
in temperature is accompanied by a decrease in the open circuit
voltage value. Variation of P-V curve with temperature

2-BOOST CONVERTER and buck converter

 1-Boost converter
Boost converter steps up the input voltage magnitude to a
required output voltage magnitude without the use of a
transformer. the components of boost converter a diode
and a transistor or MOSFET) and some energy storage
elements such as the capacitor and inductor
MODES OF OPERATION
There are two modes of operation of a boost converter. Those are based on the
closing and opening of the switch
1-Charging Mode 2-Discharging Mode

In this mode of operation; the switch is closed

and the inductor is charged by the source
through the switch. The charging current is
exponential in nature but for simplicity is
assumed to be linearly varying The diode
restricts the flow of current from the source to
the load and the demand of the load is met by
the discharging of the capacitor.
In this mode of operation; the switch is open
and the diode is forward biased .The
inductor now discharges and together with
the source charges the capacitor and meets
the load demands. The load current
variation is very small and in many cases is
assumed constant throughout the operation.
 2-buck converter
power converter which steps down voltage (while
stepping up current) from its input (supply) to its output
(load). buck converter consists of an inductor, diode,
capacitor, switch and error amplifier with switch control
circuitry. The circuit for the buck regulator operates by
varying the amount of time in which inductor receives
energy from the source
MODES OF OPERATION
there are two modes of operation in buck converter
CCM (Continuous Conduction Mode) DCM Mode (Dis-continuous Conduction Mode)

if the load current never become it occurs due to reversing the

zero during the complete cycle. If
the buck is designed in CCM for
higher load, then the converter
may operate in DCM for lighter
load
capacitor voltage polarity such
that it violates the assumptions
made for realizing the switch.
 How MPPT works?
🌺 The major principle of MPPT is to extract the maximum available power
from PV module by making them operate at the most efficient voltage
(maximum power point).
🌺 MPPT checks output of PV module, compares it to battery voltagethen fixes
what is the best power that PV module can produce to charge the battery and
converts it to the best voltage to get maximum current into battery.

MPPT is most effective under these conditions:

•Cold weather, cloudy or hazy days: Normally, PV module works better at cold
temperatures and MPPT is utilized to extract maximum power available from
them.
• When battery is deeply discharged: MPPT can extract more current and
charge the battery if the state of charge in the battery is lowers
 METHODS FOR MPPT
There are many methods used for maximum power point tracking a few are
listed below:
• Perturb and Observe method
• Incremental Conductance method
• Parasitic Capacitance method
• Constant Voltage method
• Constant Current method
Our project based on Perturb and Observe method
This method is the most common. In this method
very less number of sensors are utilized. The
operating voltage is sampled and the algorithm
changes the operating voltage in the required
direction and samples dp/dv. If dp/dv is positive, then
the algorithm increases the voltage value towards the
MPP until dp/dv is negative. This iteration is
continued until the algorithm finally reaches the MPP.
This algorithm is not suitable when the variation in
the solar irradiation is high. The voltage never
actually reaches an exact value but perturbs around
the maximum power point (MPP).
full simulink model of Perturb and Observe MPPT with boost converter

pv voltage

pv current

pv power
full simulink model of Perturb and Observe MPPT with buck converter

pv power