Internet

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 The Internet
Objectives

After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

 Define the Internet and elaborate on its uses.
 Identify the different components required to
connect to the Internet.
 Identify the features of different types of Internet
connections.
 Explain the term bandwidth in relation to the
different types of Internet connections.
 About the Internet

The Internet is a collection of networks

that are connected together for
exchange of information.

When the computer is connected to the

Internet, it is said to be online.
 About the Internet (cont.)
You can use the Internet to:
o communicate with people all around the
world instantaneously.
o get the latest information on a current
event.
o search for information
o buy and sell products.
o perform banking transactions.
Connecting to the Internet

To connect to the Internet, you

need:
Computing device.
Connection device.
Internet Service Provider (ISP).
 What do I Need to Connect
to the Internet ?

Telephone, + Internet
Cable, DSL Service
or Provider
Wireless…
Computer,
Mouse & Browser
Modem or + Software +
network card
 Websites and E-mail
Use Addresses:

E-mail addresses: Website addresses:

jdoe@hclib.org www.hclib.org

“at” sign for e-mail “World Wide Web” for

Address that you use websites
to send electronic Address that gets you to a
messages website
7
 What is a network?

A network is a group of two or more

computer systems linked together.
The computers are connected by
phone lines, coaxial cables, satellites,
fiber optic links and Wireless
connections.

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 Advantages of internet

There many advantages to using the

internet such as:
Email.
Email is now an essential communication
tools in business.
Information.
There is a huge amount of information
available on the internet
 Advantages of internet…
 Services.
Many services are now provided on the internet
such as online banking, job seeking and
applications, and hotel reservations. Often these
services are not available off-line or cost more.
 Buy or sell products.
The internet is a very effective way to buy and sell
products all over the world.
 Communities.
Communities of all types have sprung up on the
internet. Its a great way to meet up with people of
similar interest and discuss common issues.
 Importance of Internet Services
It facilitates mass communication i.e
one can communicate to many
Sharing and exchanging information
E-commerce (selling things on a Web
sites), E-government etc.
The Internet offers Real-Time
Communication

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 Disadvantage
Isolation
Using the Internet for long periods of
time can isolate people from family and
friends. Though many develop online
relationships, these "cyber" buddies
cannot replace "real life" socializing.

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 Addiction
It is possible for Internet users to become
habitually addicted.
Inaccurate Information
Though there are many legitimate
websites full of factual information,
there are a plethora of sites with
inaccurate information, and it is often
hard to differentiate between them.
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 Hacking of Personal Information
Providing personal information online
when shopping or banking can result in
The: hackers gaining access to private
data that can be used to steal your
funds and even your identity.
Viruses
Going online often means subjecting
your computer to viruses that can
crash your system, causing you to lose
important files and sometimes
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 Use of Internet in Education
Widespread access to up-to-date
information or materials from
different sources world wide.
Search papers presented online
which helps the researcher doing
a literature review.

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 Use of Internet in Education…
Online application, registration
and training. Example are NECTA,
Universities and TCU
Online educational books have
reduced the effects of shortage
books in school libraries
Distance learning

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 Services Offered in the Internet

There various services that are offered

via internet:
Weather forecasts,
 Books and
Communication.

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 Common Terms of Internet

The World Wide Web (WWW)

Is just a portion of what makes up the
Internet, but it is the fastest growing part
of the internet.
The Web lets people, organizations and
companies publish information for other
people to see.

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 Common Terms …

The Web:
The Web is a large number of computer
documents or "Web pages" that are
stored on computers around the world and
are connected to one another using
hyperlinks.
These Web pages can be seen by anyone
through their computer's "Web Browser,"
which is the program you are using now.
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 Common Terms …

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http) is a

protocol that allows transfer of web pages
from one computer to another so as to
allow efficient communication.
Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a
company that offers its customer’s access
to the Internet. Examples are Vodacom,
Airtel, Tigo, Zantel, TTCL and Satcom.
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 Common Terms …

Web browser:
 is the software that display web
documents (Web pages).
It retrieves information from a remote
computer and displays it on the computer
screen.
Examples are Internet Explorer, Mozilla
Firefox, Netscape Navigator, Opera and
Safari.
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 Common Terms …

Uniform Resource Locator (URL):

 A collection of documents (Web pages)
stored on computers around the world.
Each Web page has an address which
describe where it can be found.
On the Web these addresses are called
URLs

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 Common Terms …
URL Composition
Protocol: //host/path/filename
Example: http://www.moe.go.tz/index.htm
Lets describe this example of a
protocol:

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 Common Terms …

Search Engine Is a website that

contains a program designed to search
the Internet and retrieve pages that
match your search criteria.

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 Examples of Search Engine

Google http://www.google.com
AltaVista http://www.altavista.com
Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com
Hotbot http://www.hotbot.com
Lycos http://www.lycos.com
Excite http://www.excite.com
WebCrawler
http://www.webcrawler.com
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 Common Terms …

HTML is an abbreviation for Hypertext

Markup Language which is a language
used to create web pages.
Website is a group of Web pages that
follow the same theme and are
connected together with hyperlinks.
Hyperlink is a link between documents
that when clicked takes you into the
related document wherever it may be.
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 Common Terms …

IP Address is an abbreviation

for Internet Protocol Address.

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 Features of a Web browser

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 The navigation bar:
 Back: Shows you the last Web page you were on.
 Forward: Sends you ahead to the next Web page.
You are only able to use this button when you have
previously used the Back Button.
 Stop: Stops a Web site from loading. This is useful if
you change your mind while waiting for a page to
load.
 Refresh: Reloads a page that is not being displayed
or is being displayed improperly. Sometimes web
pages run into problems when they are loading. Click
refresh button if pages are taking long time to load.

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 The navigation bar…

 Home: This button returns you to your “home”

Web page. Your “home” page is a Web page that
is set to always show up when you first start your
browser.
 Search: Opens a search program that helps you
find key words on the Internet.
 Favorites: Opens a list of Web site addresses
saved by the user.
 History: Lists the Web pages you have visited
by date.
 Mail: Opens the computers e-mail program.
 Print: Prints the Web page you are currently
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 Accessing Information
Be connected to the internet
Open your browser- eg Internet
explorer, Mozilla Firefox etc
Go to one of the search engine of your
choice.
For the purpose of this exercise lets use
google
. Type in the key words you are
looking for (example: Internet Basics.)
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 Use Search Engine

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 Using a Search Engine
Open a web browser and locate the
“Address Bar”

Click the on “Address Bar”, and type the

http://www.google.com
Press the “Enter” key on the keyboard; the
main website page for Google website
search engine
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 Using a Search Engine …

rc h
s e a
g l e
o
Go
d
fiel

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 Using a Search Engine …

, Enter a question or a topic to be

searched in this case “ICT in teaching
and learning in Tanzania”

Click “Google Search” tab

Several of website results about the
topic will be opened
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 website results

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 Using a Search Engine …

Click on one of the links listed and read

the information given there in.
For example click on “TANZANIA ICT IN
EDUCATION SITUATION ANALYSIS

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 Internet Services Available
The Internet provides the teacher with
variety of services.
Electronic mail
Newsgroups.
 Chat /instant messaging.
 Online forums

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 Electronic mail (e-mail)
A teacher at home can
communicate with collogues and
students via e-mail
E-mail is an electronic
communication between different
people using computer or other
ICT devices like mobile phones.

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 Electronic mail (e-mail)…
e-mail require a person to register (sign
up) in an electronic program offered
freely or for premium bases by a
particular website and creates an e-mail
account.
In the e-mail account, a person can
create, save and receive information
electronically.
An example of e mail address is
juma.makubhi@yahoo.com
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 Creating an e-mail account
 Launch a browser
 Type a web address of
a website which offers
free e-mail services on
the webpage address
bar.
 Examples of companies
which offer free e-mail
services are yahoo,
Google and Hotmail.
 For this case use
www.yahoo.com
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 Creating an e-mail account

On the yahoo homepage click a “Mail”

option; a webpage containing a mail
options in a dialog box will be displayed.
From the Mail Options window Click
“Create new account” option

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 Fill the personal information

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 Creating an e-mail account…

NOTE:
In step 2,if the ID selected belongs to
another person ID, then a prompt will
appear to alert you to select another
Email ID.
Type in the desired password to use
when logging in to the yahoo mail

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 Creating an e-mail account…
Click Create My
Account button
then
congratulations
page will appear
to indicates an
email account is
created and
ready to be used.
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 Creating an e-mail account…
Click “continue” option.
The created email account is created
and you can access the account
information.
Alternatively, a webpage may display
bearing greetings in your name in a
form like the one in the next slide
Click Mail Option from, YAHOO! SITES
link, the home account is displayed
(yahoo Mail Window)
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 My Yahoo Web page

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 Yahoo Mail Window

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 Sending an E-Mail Message
From the email
account home
page, Click “New”
tab, a web page
is displayed to fill
the email address
of receiver,
subject or
message heading
and the message
to be sent.
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 Sending an E-Mail Message
After filling in the required information
Click “send” option.

NOTE: The message written is sent

to a person bearing the typed
address.
CC: stands for Carbon Copy or
Courtesy Copy
BCC: Blind Carbon Copy
 this is where you put contacts which
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 Quitting e-mail

When one is through with reading/sending

email, definitely will want to close it.
Click “Sign Out” after sending the intended
email by clicking on Sign Out link

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 Read e-mail message
To open/sign in into
an e-mail account
 launch a web browser
e.g. yahoo, Google etc
Click “sign in”, you will
be prompted with the
page to allow you
enter you e-mail and
pass word
Click the sign in button
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 Downloading attachment
To download
attached files:
Click the files, one at
a time to download
them. Or, you can
click ‘download all’
that appears above
the files.

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 Downloading attachment…

Reminder: The
computer scans the
file before it is
downloaded. Look
below the file the
word ‘No virus
threat detected
file_2011_09_29.zi
p Download File’
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 Downloading attachment…

Click ‘Download File’ and opening

attachment dialog box will appear
Click save, the
Save As dialog box
appears
Click save and then
the files will be saved

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 Attaching a File
After composing the
email message, you
may want to attach a
file.
Click `Attach File` to
attach, a list of files
(File 1, file 2, etc)
appears
Click `browse` on file 1
then open file dialog
box will appear
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 Attaching a File

Choose the location where the file you

want to attach is.
Double click on the file or click on the
file and click Open then a file will
appear on the File 1 position on Attach
files page
Attach the file by
clicking ‘Attach’

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 Newsgroups.

An online area where people conduct

written discussion about a particular
subject.
The user sends a message to her/his
group, which is then replied.
The newsgroups collected in the
Internet are referred to as USENET.

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 Chat /instant messaging.
 This is the general term
for real-time
communication that
occurs over the Internet.
 You must use the same
instant messaging
software to chat with other
users
 Examples chat:
 Windows
Messenger/Windows
Live Messenger
 Yahoo! Messenger
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 Online forums

This is Internet services where people

contribute to written discussion about a
particular subject.
To participate in the discussion forum a
person is required to subscribe using
email address.

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 Video / audio conferencing

Is a face to face / audio conversation

between person separated by physical
barriers through Internet using a web
camera (webcam) and earphones
attached to computer to enable
communication.

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