CHAPTER -3

Life Functions and Energy Intake

 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to
synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water
Cellular Respiration

The process cells use to take in oxygen to breakdown sugar and release energy.
Fermentation

• Metabolic process that releases energy from a sugar or other organic

molecule, does not require oxygen (Anaerobic respiration).

• When oxygen is not available, some cells can turn to fermentation, an

alternate method for converting energy

• The fermentation process releases only a small amount of energy

Green house gas
• greenhouse gas, any gas that has the property of absorbing infrared radiation
(net heat energy) emitted from Earth’s surface and reradiating it back to Earth’s
surface, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide, methane,
and water vapour are the most important greenhouse gases.

• greenhouse gas concentrations have been particularly high during warm periods
and low during cold periods.

• greenhouse gases have varied substantially during Earth’s history, and these
variations have driven substantial climate changes
• A number of processes influence greenhouse gas concentrations.

- tectonic activities,

- vegetation, soil, wetland, and ocean

- Human activities—especially fossil-fuel combustion since the

Industrial Revolution—are responsible for steady increases in atmospheric

concentrations of various greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide,

methane, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Practice

1. There is a relationship between the products of photosynthesis and reactants of cellular

respiration. Which of the following statements best describes this relationship?

(1) The products of photosynthesis do not allow the reactants in cellular respiration to
occur in the presence of sunlight.

(2) The products of cellular respiration cause a change in the reactants of photosynthesis
.
(3) The products of photosynthesis become the reactants of cellular respiration.

(4) The products of photosynthesis cause the products of cellular respiration to shut down.