Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) Title:

The Mediating Effect of Pedagogical Competence

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is an interpersonal level theory developed by Albert Bandura that of Teachers on the Relationship between Attitudes
emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments. and Academic Achievement of Students in
This interaction is demonstrated by the construct called Reciprocal Determinism (Rana & Dwivedi, 2015). This
theory posits that personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior continuously interact through Mathematics
influencing and being influenced by each other.
Research Questions/Statement of the Problem:
Environmental Factors 1. What is the level of the attitude of students toward learning
(Pedagogical Competence of Teachers) Mathematics in terms of:
Trends in International
1.1. liking mathematics; Mathematics and Science
Personal Factors Behavior 1.2. valuing mathematics; and Study (TIMSS)
(Martin et al., 2020)
(Attitudes toward Mathematics) (Academic Achievement) 1.3. confidence in mathematics?
2. What is the level of academic achievement of students in
Personal Factors. In the context of Social Cognitive Theory, personal factors refer to individual characteristics, cognitive processes, Mathematics in terms of:
and beliefs that influence behavior. These factors include self-efficacy, outcome expectations, personality traits, and cognitive 2.1. knowledge; Achievement Test on
patterns (Abdullah, 2019). In this study, personal factors are conceptualized as attitudes of the students toward learning Variations
mathematics which, in turn, play a significant role in motivation and learning. 2.2. process / skills; and
(Canilao & Gurat, 2023)
2.3. understanding?
Environmental Factors. Environmental factors, on the other hand, are mainly composed of ‘‘physical’’ and ‘‘social’’ dimensions 3. What is the level of pedagogical competence of teachers as
(Anwar, Rehman, Wang, Hashmani, & Shamim, 2019). The term "social dimension" refers to various aspects related to society,
human interactions, and social structures (Cordón-García, Alonso-Arévalo, Gómez-Díaz, & Linder, 2013). In this study, the perceived by the students in terms of:
environmental factors are conceptualized as the pedagogical competence of teachers considered as the practices and 3.1. use of instructional materials;
norms (Israel, 2018) and how these influence individual behavior, opportunities, and success. 3.2. knowledge of subject matter;
Behavior. Meanwhile, behavior is viewed as the product of the interaction between personal factors, environmental influences, and 3.3. teachers’ motivation; Teachers’ Pedagogical
cognitive processes. Social Cognitive Theory posits that individuals actively influence and are influenced by their environment, 3.4. communication style; and Competence (Adegbola, 2019)
shaping their behavior through cognitive processes such as observation, imitation, and modeling which, in turn, result in achievement
(Hebert-Beirne, et al., 2021). In this study, behavior is conceptualized as individuals’ capability to control and shape their 3.5. teaching style?
thoughts, feelings, and actions through processes such as intentionality, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness 4. Is there a significant relationship between the attitude of
(Iannone, Annunziata, Rizzi, & Frey, 2023) resulting to desired outcomes. students toward learning Mathematics and their academic
By applying the Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework, this study pursues to discover how attitudes towards learning achievement in Mathematics?
Mathematics (personal factors) and pedagogical competence of teachers (environmental factors) contribute to the academic 5. What indicators of attitude of students toward learning
achievement (behavior) of students in Mathematics among public secondary schools. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) provides a Mathematics can significantly influence academic achievement in
comprehensive framework for understanding how personal factors, environmental influences, and cognitive processes interact to
shape human behavior. In the context of the relationship between attitudes of learners toward learning mathematics and their Mathematics?
academic achievement in mathematics, SCT can help in understanding the mediating effect of pedagogical competence of teachers. 6. Does the level of pedagogical competence of teachers have a
According to SCT, personal factors such as attitudes play a crucial role in influencing behavior, while environmental factors such as mediating effect on the relationship between the attitude of
teacher quality can also affect academic achievement. Additionally, SCT emphasizes the importance of observational learning,
vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes, and reciprocal determinism in shaping behavior. Therefore, SCT can help in students toward learning Mathematics and their academic
understanding how the pedagogical competence of teachers can mediate the relationship between learners' attitudes toward achievement in Mathematics?
learning mathematics and their academic achievement in mathematics by considering personal factors, environmental influences,
References
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Canilao, C.M., & Gurat, M.G. (2023). Comparing mathematics achievement: Control vs. experimental groups in the context of mobile educational
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Cordón-García, J. A., Alonso-Arévalo, J., Gómez-Díaz, R., & Linder, D. (2013). Social reading: platforms, applications, clouds and tags. Elsevier.
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