Good Morning...

Introduction to Mental
Health
Session 1
Session 1 Objectives

1. Define Mental Health and its significance.

2. Provide an overview of common mental health disorders (e.g.
anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder)
3. Address common misconceptions and stereotypes.
4. Emphasize the importance of mental well-being for overall health.
 Republic Act 11036
 PHILIPPINE MENTAL HEALTH LAW, SIGNED BY FPRRD
LAST 2018

 IT AIMS TO PROVIDE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AT THE BARANGAY

LEVEL, AND INTEGRATE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELNESS
PROGRAMS IN THE GRASSROOTS;

 IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES AND TO PROMOTE MENTAL

HEALTH EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS AND WORKPLACES.
1. Define Mental Health and its
significance.
 “Mental health influences how we think and feel about
ourselves and others, and how we interpret events. It
affects our capacity to learn, to communicate and to form,
sustain and end relationships. It also influences our ability
to cope with change, transition and life events, such as:
getting married, moving to a new house, experiencing
bereavement.”

—Friedl, 2004
UNSA ANG MENTAL HEALTH?
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM
vs.
MENTAL DISORDER
 MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
 i.e., Relationship Conflicts, Stress in schools and work,
financial constraints etc.

 Affects person’s thinking, feeling, or social relationships

but not to the extent that significantly hampers
functioning (i.e., mental disorder)
 MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
 Are complaints and include the mental ill health
temporarily experienced as a reaction to life stressors.

 Are less severe and of shorter duration than mental

disorders, but may develop into mental disorders
2. Provide an overview of common mental health
disorders (e.g. anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder)
 WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DATA 2019
Depression 264 million

50 million
Dementia
Bipolar
45 million
Disorder
Schizophrenia
20 million
and other
Psychosis
Neurodevelopmental
Disorders
 Depression

Depression is a common
mental disorder, characterized
by persistent sadness and a
loss of interest in activities
that you normally enjoy,
accompanied by an inability
to carry out daily activities,
 DEPRESSION
264 MILYON sa mga katawhan
adunay depression , sagad ang
apektado niini ang mga babaye ug
mga tigulang.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Prevalence of Depression

0.3 – 0.9% 2-3% 4-8% 20% 25%

F=M 3F: 1M 2F: 1M 2F: 1M
• 800,000 katawhan sa kalibutan
mamatay pinaagi sa suicide kada
tuig.
(under-reported)

• 7 Filipino mamatay pinaagi sa

paghikog kada adlaw.
(even more under-reported)
• 404 students died of suicide and 2,147
recorded attempted Suicide during
Academic year 2021-2022 alone

(DepED/Senate Hearing February 2023)

Normal
“Sadness”
Unsa ba ang tinuod?
“Kasubo”
May Sakit

“Depression”

Ipatan-aw sa doktor
 NORMAL SADNESS
• Feels sad but also have periods
of feeling normal
• Able to experience range of
emotions, including joy and
happiness
• Have emotional reactivity
• Sleeping, eating, concentration
rarely affected for long periods
DEPRESSION
• Sad, depressed mood most of the
time at least 2 weeks
• Anhedonia: difficult to experience
pleasure
• Hopelessness
• Loss of mood reactivity
• Difficulty sleeping, concentrating,
change in appetite, fatigue
• SUICIDAL thoughts
Unsay mga hinungdan Sa Depression?
• KUMBINASYON ng: BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL-SPIRITUAL
• Biyolohiko:
• Genetics o naa sa kaliwat
• Hormones, mga kemikal sa utok
• Diet and nutrition
• Pagba0-go sa pagtulog
• Immune system
• Laing sakit sama sa: diabetes, goiter, kanser, atbp
• Psycho-social:
• Personality factors
• Life events, environmental stressors, trauma
• Spiritual:
Schizophrenia
 is a chronic and severe
mental disorder
characterized by distorted
thinking.
 It often involves
disruptions in perception,
cognition, and emotional
regulation.
SCHIZOPHRENIA

Impaired reality testing

 Average age of Onset =25

 21 ka milyong tao apektado niini
tibuok kalibutan
 Lifetime prevalence = 1%.
 Sintomas ng Schizophrenia

Positive Symptoms Negative Symptoms

• Flat Affect (No facial expression)

• Hallucination
• Anhedonia (feel no pleasure)
• Delusion(Fixed false belief)
• Alogia (poverty of speech)
• Disordered thoughts and speech
• Avolition (impaired grooming)
• Disorganized Behavior
• Extreme Isolation
• Agitated or Repetitive Movements
Bipolar disorder

 A mood disorder
 Characterized by depression,
mania or hypomania
 Bipolar disorder

 A mood disorder
 Characterized by depression, mania or hypomania
 ANXIETY
DISORDERS
 Anxiety
The term anxiety refers to
feelings of worry, nervousness,
apprehension, or fear commonly
experienced by people when faced
with something they view as
challenging.
ANXIETY

 is a normal reaction to stressful situations

 caused by anticipation of an ill- defined

threat or danger that is not realistically
based.
⦿It is the emotional reaction to a
known, well defined external threat or
danger.
⦿ It is considered pathological when it becomes
abnormally severe, pervasive, persistent,
irrational, inappropriate and handicapping.

⦿ With optimum level, anxiety can be beneficial, it

improves performance.

⦿ In excess, it causes deterioration in

performance.
⦿ Physical symptoms:
Autonomic arousal
Somatic symptoms

⦿ Psychological symptoms
 Autonomic arousal
* Palpitation, tachycardia,
missed beats
* Hypo- or hypertension
*Chest pain or discomfort
*Shortness of breath,
hyperventilation
*Dry mouth
*Difficulty swallowing
*Nausea or abdominal
distress
*Diarrhea
*Frequent or urgent micturition
*Sexual dysfunction
*Menstrual disturbances
(discomfort or amenorrhea)
*Sweating
*Flushing or pallor
*Feeling dizzy, unsteady or
fainting
 Somatic Symptoms

*Muscle tension
*Tremors
*Fatigue
*Muscle aches

*Headache
*Parasthesia (numbness or tingling)
 Psychological Symptoms

*Fearful anticipation (sense of impending danger)

*Restlessness
*Irritability
*Worrying thoughts
*Poor concentration
*Hypervigilance (over- alertness, startle response)
*Insomnia
 TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

2. Panic disorder
3. Phobic Disorders
4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD)
5. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
PANIC DISORDER
 PANIC DISORDER
⦿ Recurrent spontaneous or unexpected panic attacks,
i.e., acute episodes of intense anxiety.
⦿ It may be associated with agoraphobia (about 1/3 of
patients).

⦿ Diagnosisof panic disorder is made if the attacks are

repeated (4 attacks in a month), or if the patient
becomes concerned about having additional attacks
(anticipatory anxiety).
PHOBIC DISORDERS
⦿ Phobia is fear related to a particular object
or situation.

⦿A phobic disorder is diagnosed if the

experienced fear is intense or causes the
patient to avoid the phobic object in a
manner that limits his activities and impairs
his functioning.
According to the phobic object, they are
classified into:
1. Agoraphobia
2. Social Phobia
3. Specific Phobias
⦿ Its name came from Agora == market
⦿ It is intense irrational fear of being in open places, outside
home alone, in a crowd or generally in places or situations
in which escape is perceived by the patient as difficult or
embarrassing.
Clinical Features
⦿ The patient fears and avoids wide places, highways,
bridges or crowded places.
⦿ It may occur alone or in association with panic disorder.
⦿ Some consider it a consequence of panic disorder as the
onset is often triggered by a panic attack in one of those
situations.
⦿ There is intense irrational fear of
scrutiny (i.e., being critically
observed) by other people in social
or performance situations.

⦿ Theperson fears that he will act in a

way that will be humiliating or
embarrassing (i.e., fear of negative
evaluation).
⦿ The person recognizes that his fear is excessive or
unreasonable.
⦿ Nevertheless, he avoids all situations in which he anticipates
anxiety.
⦿ Functional impairment is sometimes substantial due to loss
of opportunities in education and jobs, and due to social
restrictions.
⦿ Intenseirrational fear of a specific object or
situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals,
blood, etc...), not including the situations
mentioned in agoraphobia and social phobia.

⦿ The phobic situation is avoided, or

tolerated with intense anxiety or distress.
⦿ The person recognizes that his fear is
excessive or unreasonable.
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDER
⦿Itis an anxiety disorder in which the patient
experiences recurrent obsessions and/or
compulsions.

⦿They are severe enough to be time

consuming, or cause marked distress or
significant impairment in functioning.
STRESS DISORDERS
Clinical Features:
1. Persistent re-experiencing of the trauma
2. Efforts to avoid recollecting the trauma
3. Hyperarousal
3. Address common
misconceptions and stereotypes.
 Misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding mental health
can contribute to stigma and hinder understanding and
support for individuals experiencing mental health
challenges.
COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS AND
STEREOTYPES
1. Mental health conditions are not real illnesses.
2. People with mental health conditions are dangerous or violent.
3. Mental health conditions are a result of personal weakness or
character flaws.
4. Seeking help for mental health is a sign of weakness.
5. People with mental health conditions are "crazy" or "unpredictable.“
6. Mental health conditions only affect certain demographics or
individuals with specific traits.
COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS AND
STEREOTYPES
7. Medication is the only treatment for mental health conditions.
8. Children and adolescents cannot experience mental health conditions.
4. Emphasize the importance of mental well-being
for overall health.
 The importance of mental well-being for overall health cannot be
overstated.
 Mental well-being is not just the absence of mental illness; it
encompasses a state of emotional, psychological, and social well-
being.
key reasons why mental well-being is crucial
for overall health:
 1. Mental well-being is closely linked to physical health.

 2. Mental well-being enhances our ability to cope with stress, adversity, and life's
challenges.

 3. Mental well-being significantly influences our overall quality of life. It affects our
ability to experience joy, maintain fulfilling relationships, engage in meaningful activities,
and have a positive outlook on life.

 4. Mental well-being plays a crucial role in our productivity and functioning in various
areas of life, including work, education, and personal pursuits.
key reasons why mental well-being is crucial
for overall health:
 5. Mental well-being is essential for building and maintaining healthy relationships and
social connections

 6. Prioritizing mental well-being can help prevent the onset of mental health conditions or
identify them early on.

 7. By emphasizing the importance of mental well-being, we can help reduce the stigma
associated with mental health conditions.
THANK YOU!!!