DRAFTING

TECHNOLOGY
Expected Learning Competencies
 Define Orthographic Drawing
 Explain the importance of the Alphabet of lines in
constructing orthographic figures
 Define Pictorial Figure
OREBDR
NDIEMIOSN
ENIL
BLEVIIS NLIENIEL

DDIENH LEIN FREERCNEE

IELN
TCERNE NIEL
AELRDE LINE

JCEPORINOT MLIINTIG LINE

LINE
Orthographic Drawing
TYPES of LINES
The term orthographic is derived from two Greek
words: orthos, which means ‘‘straight’’ and graphos  BORDER LINE
which means ‘to draw’’. In other words, it describes a
type of drawing represented only by lines without  VISIBLE LINE
shading or rendering.  HIDDEN Or INVISIBLE LINE

Alphabet of lines  CENTER LINE

The basis of all drawings is line. Many different lines  PROJECTION or EXTENSION
are used even in simple drawings. All lines should be
made so clearly that there will be no doubt of their LINE
meaning when the drawing is read.
 DIMENSION LINE

 REFERENCE LINE

 LEADER LINE
BORDER LINE - Is the heaviest and darkest line in a drawing. It surrounds a drawing and is usually rectangular
in shape.

VISIBLE LINES – are sometimes called object line. These represent the visible outline or parts of an object.

HIDDEN or INVISIBLE LINES – these lines consist of small or short dashes with gaps in between that are about
1-2 millimeters wide.

CENTER LINE – it is the lightest or finest line in a drawing. It consists of one long dash and

PROJECTION LINES – also called as extension lines. Continuous lines extending from a view to show clearly
the dimension limits.

20XX presentation title 4

DIMENSION LINE – it consists of three parts: arrowheads, fine line and number of measurements. It is used to indicate the
measurements of an object.

6.00

REFERENCE LINES – it is an irregular, fine, curved line with an arrowhead at one end, It is used to label the parts of an
object.

LEADER LINE – is a broken line with an arrowhead at one end. It is used for indicating the measurement and name of a
part.

LIMITING LINE – is used for limiting the length of an elongated object, so that it can be shown without changing the size of
its view.
Activity 1:
Make a landscape drawing showing different
type of lines. ( 20points )
Materials: Pencil, Long bond paper or Oslo
paper, Eraser and sharpener
Learning Objectives:
A the end of the lesson you are expected to;
• Define Orthographic Drawing,
• explain the importance of alphabet of lines in
constructing orthographic drawing, and
• construct and Locate the orthographic view of the
given figure.
Orthographic Drawing is the method of
representing the exact shape and size of a
given object in one or several views.
Others call it “multi-view drawing” because it
represents not only one but several views
which are projections of an object as observed
in one surface.
Principles of Orthographic Drawing
1.The Top view is directly over the front view
2.The Front view is horizontally in line with the right side view
3.The with of the top view is the same as the width of the front
view.
4.When a line or an edge is viewed perpendicularly to a plane of
projection, it appears as a point.
5.A line or an edge parallel to the plane of projection will also
appear as a line or an edge in its exact or true
Length
6. A line or an edge inclined to the plane of projection
Will also appear as a surface but smaller in size and shape
7. A surface perpendicular to the project plane will appear as a line or an
edge equal in length to the nearest edge of the surface, which is in this
case either its length or its width, depending on its position.
8. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will be shown in its exact
shape and
Size
9. A surface inclined to the plane of projection will also appear as a
surface but smaller in size and shape.
10. No line or edge of the object can be projected
Longer than its true length.
 The Three Regular Views
The Top, Front and Right side views are arranged closer together, are
shown on the picture. These are called Three regular views.
Activity 2

Direction: Draw the three Views of this figure.

(5 points each view)
20XX presentation title 14
Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture

​
Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture

Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture
20XX presentation title 17
 areas of focus

20XX presentation title 19

20XX presentation title 20
 Click icon to add picture

20XX presentation title 21