LINES:

• The Angle of
Inclination
• Slope of a Line
• Parallel Lines
• Perpendicular Lines
CZARINA ROSE D. TANTOY
MAT - MATH
 ANGLE OF INCLINATION
The angle of inclination, or simply inclination, of a
line is the smallest nonnegative angle a that the line
makes with the x-axis on the right side of the line.
It is measured in a counterclockwise manner, where
.
y
Figure 2.1
𝒍𝟏
Graph of with
𝜶
Inclination
x
 y
𝒍𝟐
Figure 2.2
Graph of with
𝜷 Inclination
x
tan 𝜃 =𝑚
y
1 Example
𝑚=
2 tan 𝜃 =𝑚
1
tan 𝜃 =
𝜽 x 2
0
26.6
 The Slope of a Line
The slope of a line usually denoted by m, is the
tangent of its angle of inclination.

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒

𝑚= =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑢𝑛
 𝑷2
Figure 2.3
Slope of a line
𝑷𝟏
 Theorem 2.1 Slope of a Line
If and are two points on the xy-plane, then the
slope m of the line passing through and is given by

where
 Example
Find the slope of the line passing through
(-5, 3) and (10, 7)
𝑦2− 𝑦1 7 − 3 4
𝑚= ¿ ¿
𝑥 2 − 𝑥1 10 − ( − 5 ) 15
Theorem 2.2 Parallel Lines
Let l1 and l2 be two non-vertical lines
with slopes m1 and m2 respectively.
The lines l1 and l2 are parallel as , if
and only if m1 = m2 .
 Example
Using slopes, verify that the points (1,4),
(7,0), (5, -3) and (-1,1) are vertices of a
parallelogram.
 Example
Using slopes, verify that the points (1,4),
(7,0), (5, -3) and (-1,1) are vertices of a
parallelogram.
First step plot the points label them as A (1,4),
B (7,0), C (5, -3) and D (-1,1)
 Example 𝑚=
𝑦2− 𝑦1

First step plot the points label them as A (1,4),

𝑥 2 − 𝑥1

B (7,0), C (5, -3) and D (-1,1)

Solve the slope of

BA & CD and BC & AD.
 Solve the slope of BA & CD and BC & AD.

𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2
𝑚 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑚3
𝐵𝐶 = −
¿
𝑥2 − 𝑥 1 3
2

𝑦 2 −¿𝑦 13𝑚 2
𝑚 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 =−
𝑥 2 − 𝑥12 3
Theorem 2.3 Perpendicular Lines
Let l1 and l2 be two intersecting, non-vertical
lines with slopes m1 & m2 respectively. The
lines l1 and l2 are perpendicular to each other,
denoted as , if and only if or .
 Example
Example in parallel lines shows a
parallelogram.
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