CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

2024

CHANGES
SANCHEZ L. 2024

PREPARED BY: L. SANCHEZ WITH ANALYSIS

OF THE TEXT AND FOREWORD BY L.
SANCHEZ
 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
Sources of Change in Society……………………....03 Global Warming and Climate Change….………….22

Globalization, Transnational,
Effects of Changes in Society……………………....07 Migration and OFWs……………………………………..25

Theories on Changes in Society……………………09 Inclusive Citizenship and Governance…………...29

New Forms of Social Media

Things We Can Do……………………....................14 and Networking………………………………….……...40

Cultural Osmosis and

Patterns of Change…………………………………...18 Social Movements……………………………………...01
 SOURCES OF CHANGE IN SOCIETY

· Innovation is the social creation Example: Technological Advancement

and institutionalization of new
ideas, products, processes, or
structures. Artificial Intelligence

Computers
 SOURCES OF CHANGE IN SOCIETY
Example: Visibility of K-POP culture in the · Diffusion is the spread of innovations from
Philippines one (1) social setting to another. It occurs
when one (1) group borrows something
from another group such as norms, values,
K-DRAMA food, clothing, and other innovation.

KOREAN FOOD
Note: All other countries
are able to influence
another country.
 SOURCES OF CHANGE IN SOCIETY
· Assimilation is the process where some
of the “majority community’s” (dominant
community) cultural aspects are
absorbed in such a manner that the home
cultural aspects get mitigated or lost.
Example: English-only policies in some schools.
·Note: Therefore, in simple words
Assimilation adopts changes and loses
the original accustomed while
Acculturation also adopts changes but
the original customs are still maintained.

While Acculturation is a process where

the cultural aspects of the “majority
community” are adapted without losing
Though acculturation and assimilation
the traditions and customs of the
differ in subtle ways, both of them still
“minority community”.
describe cross-cultural effects on both
Example: The use of ethnomedicine despite minorities as well as majorities in
societies that are multi-ethnic and multi-
the spread of western biomedicine.
cultural in nature.
 SOURCES OF CHANGE IN SOCIETY
· Social Contradictions and Tensions Example: There are still leftists
may include inter-ethnic conflicts, class (rebels) to the government.
struggle, armed conflict, terrorism,
protests, gender issues, etc.

PROTEST

The struggle of LGBT community to be

fully accepted in society.
ARMED
CONFLICT

TERRORISM
 EFFECTS OF THE CHANGES IN SOCIETY
· Change our mode of living and Example: People are able to contact
each other more easily.
lifestyle – The advancement of
technology enables people to live in
greater security and comfort than
ever before (through
communication).

Example: Cyber security safeguards the confidentiality,

integrity, and availability of information.
 EFFECTS OF THE CHANGES IN SOCIETY
· Development – It is viewed as
·Note: All different kind of changes in
an important indicator of the society are either part or result of the
importance of the quality of life “development”. Thus, in simple word it
of a people in a particular society. refers to people’s “life development”
because the “development” elevates
people’s standard of living.
· CONS: Negative Impact on Technology:
1. Loss of Productivity
2. Promotion of Cyber crimes
3. Prevalence of Psychological Issues

· PROS: Improvement of Quality of Life

Job creations
Environmental Preservation
 EFFECTS OF THE CHANGES IN SOCIETY
· Modernization – This is the far- Example: New gadgets update
reaching process by which a society
moves from traditional towards the
characteristics of most developed
societies.

Example: Modernity in eating habits such as eating fast

foods in daily.
 THEORIES ON THE CHANGES IN SOCIETY
· Evolutionary Theory– It implies
that societies evolved from the
simple and primitive to more
complex and advance form.
Example (Cultural): The process of
change in culture or any element of
culture over time. Example (Biological): The change in
inherited traits over successive
Example (Sociological): The generations in populations of organisms.
gradual development of society and
social forms, institutions, etc.,
usually through a series of peaceful Example (Political): Refers to the
stages. changes in political system and ideology.

e.g. From Monarchy to Republic

 THEORIES ON THE CHANGES IN SOCIETY
· Conflict Theory– It suggests that
societies progress as oppressed
groups struggle to improve their
lives.

Example: Inequalities between

groups and inequalities in the
justice and educational systems
of governments. Note: Any form of inequality
leads to social conflict.
 THEORIES ON THE CHANGES IN SOCIETY
· Cyclical Theory– It suggests that ·Concept: In sociology, there is a
every society is born, matures, “Societal Collapse” that refers to
decays, and eventually dies. the theoretical idea that a human
civilization and its cultural identity
(Similar to life cycle) will either become primitive or
disappear.
R N
B O M
AT
U Example of Societal Collapse:
RE
S
Late Bronze Age collapse -widespread
societal collapse during the 12th
DI
ES

century BC associated with

AYS environmental change, mass
C
DE migration, and the destruction of cities.
 THEORIES ON THE CHANGES IN SOCIETY
· Structural Functionalism Concept: It describes that the society
Theory– It believes that society is as a social system that has a social
a balanced system of institution. structure of its own must work in
harmony to achieve balance or social
Social Institutions: equilibrium.

• Government
• Economy
• Education
• Religion
• Family
 THINGS WE CAN DO
·Weigh the advantages and
disadvantages of the changes in ·Note: Not all flows
society – Think first before have good benefits.
doing something or going with the Always think before
flow of changes in the society. you do.

Example: Voting for the right

leader and not the candidate
favored by the masses.
 THINGS WE CAN DO
·Adapt instead of resist– Cope
with the changes happening in the ·Remember: Survival is
society. always a basic need.
Balance everything in
able for you to survive.

Example: Being connected to

society.
 THINGS WE CAN DO
·Stand firm with your principles–
If you think some changes in the ·Remember :
society does not fit your ideals in Principle is the
life, hold on with your principles. It strongest weapon
doesn’t mean resisting, it only if life is a war.
means you are choosing what’s
best for you.

Example: Having a principle of

being a passionate to the things
you are able to grow.
COMMUNITY-BASED CHANGES

PART 2
PREPARED BY: L. SANCHEZ WITH ANALYSIS
OF THE TEXT AND FOREWORD BY L.
SANCHEZ
C U LT U R A L O S M O S I S A N D P A T T E R N S O F C H A N G E
·Cultural Osmosis – is the
process of gradual or unconscious Concept: The indirect
assimilation of ideas, conveyance of cultural
knowledge, practices along and knowledge to people who
across cultures. haven't actually experienced.
C U LT U R A L O S M O S I S A N D P A T T E R N S O F C H A N G E
·Cultural Diffusion – is the
spread of culture including
aspects such as clothing and food Concept: Spread of culture from
from one group to another, typically one to another.
as a result of contacting a new
group for the first time.
C U LT U R A L O S M O S I S A N D P A T T E R N S O F C H A N G E
·Innovation – is the process of
Concept:
translating new ideas into
Propagation of
something that can create value. modern inventions
This process takes advantage of and research. It
an emerging idea or technology, can develop and
improve the
and instead of looking at it as a
quality of life.
threat or a source of risks, it treats
it as an opportunity that can have
value to society. Example: Advancement of modern
technology and the development of
new equipment, knowledge and
other things related to the
development of ideas.
C U LT U R A L O S M O S I S A N D P A T T E R N S O F C H A N G E
·Acculturation – is a process ·Assimilation – refers to the
where a minority adopts the process where some of the
cultural aspects of the majority majority community’s cultural
without losing its traditions and aspects are absorbed and the
customs. home of minority’s cultural
aspects get mitigated or lost.

Example: Doing foreign things Example: Forgetting the usual

while still applying the and allowing the modern and
traditional characteristics. foreign influence.
 G L O B A L WA R M I N G A N D C L I M A T E C H A N G E
·Global Warming and Climate
Change are environmental
realities that have become a
global concern.
 G L O B A L WA R M I N G A N D C L I M A T E C H A N G E
Global Warming

• The unusually rapid increase in

Earth’s average surface
temperature over the past century
primarily due to greenhouse gases.

• Occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2)

and other air pollutants and
greenhouse gases collect in the
atmosphere and absorb sunlight
and solar radiation that have
bounced off the earth’s surface.
• Normally, this radiation would escape
into space — but these pollutants, which
can last for years to centuries in the
atmosphere, trap the heat and cause
the planet to get hotter. That’s what’s
known as the greenhouse effect.
 G L O B A L WA R M I N G A N D C L I M A T E C H A N G E
Climate Change

• The long-term alteration of

temperature and typical
weather patterns in a place.

• Could refer to a particular

location or the planet as a
whole.

• May cause weather patterns to

be less predictable.
G L O B A L I Z AT I O N , T R A N S N AT I O N A L , M I G R AT I O N A N D O F W s

Globalization

• Globalization is the spread of

products, technology,
information, and jobs across
national borders and cultures.

• In economic terms, it describes

an interdependence of nations
around the globe fostered
through free trade.
Example: Export and Import
of products to different
countries.
G L O B A L I Z AT I O N , T R A N S N AT I O N A L , M I G R AT I O N A N D O F W s
Transnationalism
• Refers to the diffusion and
extension of social, political,
economic processes in
between and beyond the
sovereign jurisdictional
boundaries of nation-states.
• Concept: It describes a social
process, whereby migrants
operate in social fields that cross
geographic, political, and cultural
borders.
Example : A person who finds
permanent employment in a
foreign country or marries a
foreign national and relocates to
their country has dual citizenship.
G L O B A L I Z AT I O N , T R A N S N AT I O N A L , M I G R AT I O N A N D O F W s

Migration

• The movement of either

people or animals from one
area to another.

• Migration can be used for the

journey from one place to
another or the act of movement.
Example: Loraine is a citizen but for her
being a Filipina sucks, so she decided to
pack her things and move to someone’s
heart (Athens).
G L O B A L I Z AT I O N , T R A N S N AT I O N A L , M I G R AT I O N A N D O F W s

Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW)

• Term often used to refer to

Filipino migrant workers,
people with Filipino citizenship
who resides in another country
for a limited period of
employment.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

State

• A form of political organization

consisting of governmental
institutions that are capable of
maintaining order and
implementing rules or laws over
a given population in a given
territory.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
Civil Society
• Concept: The sphere of action
that lies between the state and
• Refers to a web of autonomous
society that is made up of civic
associations, not necessarily formal groups, civil society
organizations, independent of the state. organizations, and non-
governmental organizations.

Example: NGOs (Non-Governmental

Organization)
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

Governance • Concept: The process of

making and enforcing
• The process by which both the decisions within an
state and civil society organization or society.
participate in the maintenance
of social and political order.
Note: It encompasses
decision-making, rule-setting,
and enforcement
mechanisms to guide the
functioning of an
organization or society.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
• Concept: The national government
Decentralization focuses on the major agencies such
as Department of Foreign Affairs,
• The process wherein power from Department of Budget and
higher levels is transferred to lower Management and the Department of
Heath while the other task is
levels.
dominated by the local authority.

• It enhances responsiveness to
local needs by bringing the loci of
decision-making to local levels.

• Example: The local government

unit is empowered by the
national government to make a
decision in its own community.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
Administrative Decentralization
• Administrative and managerial
responsibilities are handed over
from the national level units to
subnational or local offices within
the organization.
• Concept: Involves the
organization of regional, field
units for the national
ministries or departments that
are, by nature, sector
oriented.
Example: Department of Interior and
Local Government and National
Economic and Development
Authority.
Specifically, DILG Region XI and
NEDA Region XI
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
Delegation
• Administrative and managerial
responsibilities are handed over
from a government
agency to a parastatal.
Note: Delegation in government
refers to the transfer of task and
authority from the government to
local government unit or agencies
and those agencies serve the state
indirectly.
• Concept: It is the process of
distributing and entrusting
work to another person. In
governance it refers to the
delegation of task or authority.
Example: At workplace, it refers to
the division of labor or assigning
task by purpose.
In governance, it encompasses the
transfer of authority.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
Privatization • Concept: Privatization occurs
when a government-owned
business, operation, or
• Involves the transfer of property becomes owned by a
administrative and managerial private, non-government party.
responsibilities to a private
entity.
Example: National Steel
Corporation, MERALCO, National
Power Corp.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
Devolution of political
decentralization
• Entails the transfer of power
and authority from central
government institutions to local
power to local political authorities.
Note: It encompasses transfer of
authority for decision-making,
finance, and management to a
units of local government.
• Concept: Instead of the central
government as central power,
the local government will
devolve the decision-making
under their local jurisdiction.
Example: As decentralized, the
local government unit will
facilitate its own community
under their jurisdiction without
relying on the decision of central
government.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
Adaptive co-management • Concept: Sustain socio-ecological
systems by building their resilience
• Is a fusion of two and adaptive capacity and
developmental approaches – establishing sustainable pathways
Adaptive management as well as providing a novel
and Collaborative management. institutional arrangement to
generate adaptive responses.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
Adaptive management
• Allows more room for
participation, as it implies a
dynamic, recursive
process of actions and feedbacks,
which can only be achieved if
spaces are opened for various
Actors.
• Concept: It is a structured
approach to decision making that
emphasizes accountability and
explicitness in decision making. It
is useful when there is substantial
uncertainty regarding the most
appropriate strategy for managing
natural resources.
Example: One example of adaptive
management can be found in
environmental conservation.
Specifically, GRENPEACE and Haribon
Foundation
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
• Concept: Its purpose is helping
Collaborative or co-
employees work together better. It's
management
the process of building a unified
team by creating an inclusive
• Enjoins communities to enter culture and giving your employees
into collaborative management the tools and support they need to
arrangements with other agencies, communicate and cooperate
such as those from government and effectively.
other sectors in civil society.
Example: Aurora Integrated Multipurpose
Cooperative (AIMCooP), Cooperative
Development Authority (CDA), etc.
 NEW FORMS OF MEDIA AND NETWORKING
• One of the spaces where a new kind
of political action is enabled is in
new media or cyberspace and social
networks.

• The potential cyberspace to create

new forms of citizenship rests on the
communicative structures in which
virtual affinity groups are created in
social networking sites, effectively
transforming individual posts,
tweets, and blogs into a collective
sense of community, albeit issue-
specific and may not necessarily be
sustained.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• A social movement is a
developing collective action of
a significant portion of members
of a major social category. It
consists of collective behavior
that is ideologically inspired,
idealistic, and action-oriented.
• Concept: A loosely organized
effort by a large group of
people to achieve a particular
goal, typically a social or
political one.
Example: Feminist movement,
Civil Rights Movement,
Environmental movement, etc.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
1. Environmentalism is a social • Concept: A broad philosophy,
movement that emerges as a ideology, and social movement
reaction to the excesses of about supporting life, habitats,
modernity and capitalism. and surroundings.

Example: A response or
advocacy that concerns to global
environment crises.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• Ecocentric environmentalism • Concept: A philosophy that
believes that humans and the emphasizes the importance of
societies they create are different all living things including the
from nature. To maintain the importance of their
environment.
environment, humans must adapt to
and live in harmony with their
surroundings, rather than try to
Note: It is the idea that everything
dominate them.
in the natural world has its own
intrinsic value and deserves
moral consideration.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• Technocentric environmentalism
• Concept: Value system that is
starts from the perspective of centered on technology and its
controlling and managing the ability to control and protect
environment that is separate from the environment.
humans and their social,
economic, technological, and
political
Note: The technology is able to
systems.
contribute in protecting the
Example: The contribution of environment.
research as a body of knowledge
to protect the global
environment.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Concept: Ensuring the

• Material environmentalism protection of global
concerned with protecting environment for material
the environment as a production.
source of livelihood and
economic benefits.
Example: Protecting the forests
because it provide people’s need
such as food and other materials.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Non-materialist • Concept: Protecting the

environment as it means a lot to
environmentalism is
you.
concerned with protecting the
environment for its cultural
and symbolic values.
Example: Being concerned with
the environmental protection
because you are a nature lover.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
2. Feminism is a social movement
• Concept: It is primarily focuses
that addresses the situation of
on advocacies such as gender
women in society. It is distinguished
equality and women’s rights.
by its analyzes of the logic of
domination. The logic of domination is
a pattern of thinking in which two
groups are distinguished in terms of
some characteristics. Example: Fighting against gender
stereotypes and performative
behaviors. Advocacy about
protection against sexual
harassment and assault.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Liberal feminism – believe that • Concept: Also called

all humans possess the same
nature and that any unequal
treatment of women denies this
moral equity and is therefore
unjust.
mainstream feminism, is a
main branch of feminism
defined by its focus on
achieving gender equality.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Marxist feminism – argued that • Concept: A strand of feminist

women are oppressed because theory that grounds its
they are relegated to the perspective in Karl Marx' work
domestic sphere, and therefore on capitalism.
dependent forms of labor.

Example: Women: Caste, Class or

Oppressed Sex? (1970) by Evelyn Reed is a
classic example of Marxist feminist writing,
holding class inequality as a root cause of
women's oppression. Marxist feminist
writings were criticized for falling back into
the trap of reducing gender oppression to
class oppression.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Socialist feminism – believe • Concept: A belief that aims to

liberate women from how they are
that a complex web of social taken as inferior individuals
relationships underlies the compared to men and allow them
oppression of women. to access equal rights.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• Radical feminism – believe that
biological and sexual
differences between men and
women have been made the
basis of women’s oppression.
• Concept: A perspective within
feminism that calls for a radical
re-ordering of society in which
male supremacy is eliminated
in all social and economic
contexts, while recognizing that
women's experiences are also
affected by other social
divisions such as in race, class,
and sexual orientation.
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Cultural ecofeminism – holds • Concept: Encourage an

that women’s perspective association between women and
historically have been and the environment.
remain closely identified with
nature
 ACTIVITY A4 Bond Paper

Write a reflection paper about

CRITERIA SCORE
Cultural, Social and Political
Changes. Use the following WRITTEN IN 25 PTS.
questions as your guide: ESSAY FORM

GUIDE QUESTIONS
WERE CLEARLY 25 PTS.
• What is your perception about the ANSWERED
cultural, social and political
changes? ORIGINALITY OF 25 PTS.
IDEAS

• How are those changes affect you?

COMPLETENESS 25 PTS.
• What can you contribute in
maintaining the positivity behind TOTAL 100 PTS.
those changes?