SECOND PHASE - TRAINING

Engineer Trainees & Diploma Trainees-2014

PIPING MATERIAL- VALVES

 INTRODUCTION ON VALVES

 A valves are devices that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid
(gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially
obstructing various passageways.
 Valves are generally part piping components family which are usually
discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction
from higher pressure to lower pressure.
 Valves are found in virtually every industrial process, including water &
sewage processing, mining, power generation, processing of oil, gas &
petroleum, food manufacturing, chemical & plastic manufacturing and many
other fields.
 Valves such as Control valves(for Flow, Temperature, Pressure and Level
types) are generally considered under Instrumentation department.
 INTRODUCTION ON VALVES
Valve cost is up to 20 to 30% of the piping cost for a plant, depending on
the process.
The cost of a given type and size of valve can vary 100%, depending on
its construction.

Thus the selection of valves is extremely important to the economics, as

well as operation, of process plants.

The size of a valve is mainly determined by the end pipe size, to which
they are connected or kept in line.
 CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES

B A S E D O N F U N C T IO N S

IS O L A T IO N R E G U L A T IO N NO N RETUR N S P E C IA L P U R P O S E

G AT E VALVE G LO BE VALVE C H EC K VALVE M U L T I P O R T V A L V ES

BALL VALV E N EED LE VALVE F L U S H B O T T O M V A L V ES

S W IN G C H E C K V A L VE
PLU G VALVE B U T T E R F L Y V A L VE FLO AT VALVES
L IF T C H EC K V A L VE
P IS T O N V A L VE D IA P H R A G M V A L VE FO O T VALVES

D IA P H R A G M V A L VE P IS T O N V A L VE L IN E B L IN D V A L V ES

B U T T E R F L Y V A L VE BALL VALV E K N IF E G A T E V A L V E S

P IN C H V A L VE PLU G VALVE

P IN C H V A L VE
CATEGORY OF VALVES BASEDON END CONNECTION

B a se d o n e n d c on ne c tio n s

S C R E W ED E N D S

S O C K ET W E LD E N D S

F L A N G ED E N D S

BU T T W ELD EN DS

W AFER T YPE EN DS
CATEGORY OF VALVES BASED ON M.O.C

B A S E D O N C O N S T R U C T IO N M A T E R IA L

C A ST IR O N

D U C T ILE IR O N

B R O N ZE

G U N M E T AL

C A R B O N S T E EL

S T A IN L E S S S T E E L

A L L O Y C A R B O N S T E EL

P O LY P R O P Y L E N E

G LA S S
 CATEGORY OF VALVES BASED ON OPERATOR

B a se d on o p e rato rs

H a n d le v e r

in B a ll a n d B u tte rfly va lv e s

H and w heel

in G a te ,G lo be a n d D ia p hra gm v alv es

C h a in

G e ar

P o w e red

E le c tric P n e um a tic

H yd ra u lic

S o len o id

W re n ch

fo r s m a ll P lu g va lv e s
 THE VALVES IN DETAIL

Gate valve:
 They function as block valves.

 75% of all valves in process industries are gate valves.

 Gate valves are not suitable to throttle flow because it will pass
maximum flow when it is partially open.

 The end flanges can be integrally cast into the body.(ref:ANSI B16.5 for
flanged connections).
Gate valve

Flow in Flow
out
 GATE VALVE GATE VALVE
BOLTED BONNET PRESSURE-SEAL BONNET
FLEX WEDGE
Gate valve – Material of Construction
Gate valve – Material of Construction
 BALL VALVE:
 Ball valves function as both block valves and flow regulating(special
design) valves.

 Quarter turn positive shut off valves.

 Suited for conditions where quick on-off and/or bubble tight shut off is
required.

 Soft seats are usually used only for low temperature services.

 Metal seated ball valves are used for high temperature services.
 BALL VALVE:

 Soft seats are not normally used for throttling because of erosion or
distortion/displacement caused by fluid.

 The Pressure – Temperature ratings are established based on the

seating material.

Offers minimum resistance to flow.

 Advantages:
Easy Operation.
Low torque.
Low Pressure Drop.
Economical.
Excellent Sealing.( Used in Vacuum Services
BALL VALVE:
BALL VALVE:
BALL VALVE:
BALL VALVE:
 BALL VALVE:

Two designs are available.

(1) Regular port design:

The port diameter will be smaller than the pipe inside
diameter. Normally the port diameter is one size less than the pipe
diameter.

(2) Full port Design:

The port diameter of the valve will be the same as that of the
pipe inside diameter.
PLUG VALVE:

 Plug valves are quarter turn positive shut off valves.

 Well suited for quick ON/OFF, AND/OR bubble tight shut off.

 Not normally used for throttling, because soft seats are subjected
to erosion.

 Lesser resultant total pressure drop across the valve.

 In certain designs,a low friction Poly Tetra Fluro Ethylene (PTFE) is

impregnated on the surface structure of the valve plug.
 PLUG VALVE:

Based on sealing,

Lubricated metal seated plug valves:

 The lubrication of the seating surfaces is by means of lubricant,

which is fed into the operating surfaces.
Cross Section of a Plug Valve:
ADVANTAGES OF PLUG VALVE:

Used in Oil & Gas Industries.

Fly Ash Applications.

Plug & Body Seating Surfaces which are lapped & matched aren’t

exposed to the line fluid, which reduce the corrosion and Erosion loses.

Fire Safety.

Reduced torque.

Online Maintenance.
PLUG VALVE:
Butterfly Valves

-- They are quarter turn positive shut off valve.

-- Seats are made of PTFE with certain reinforcement.
-- Valves up to 12” are operated with lever.
-- Higher diameter valves are provided with gear unit and hand wheel.
-- These valves are wear resistant.
-- Elastomers have higher life expectancy
than conventional metallic seated valves
when used in high density mineral slurry
services.
-- Generally used for line sizes >8”.

Cross Sectional Top View

Butterfly Valves
Butterfly Valves
Butterfly Valves

WRENCH CONTROLED
WAFER TYPE HAND WHEEL CONTROLED
BUTTERFLY VALVE BUTTERFLY VALVES
 Thank You

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