International Organizations

z
United Nations
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Brainstorming Session
(Developing the context)
Functions
Absolute of UN?
soveringty
on member  What could be the purpose of this Organization?
states?
 Can we consider the UN a world Government?

 Is there a set of rules or principles that guides the United

Nations in its work?

 How did the United Nations begin?

 How do you see the role of United Nations today?

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Background/ Historical Development

League of United
World War I World War II
Nations Nations
(1914-1918) (1939-1945)
(1919) (1945)

Why the
League
Failed?
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Structure of the Organization

Economic The International

and Social Trusteeship Court of
Council Council Justice

The General Security

Secretariat Assembly Council
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The General Assembly

Should we call it World’s Parliament?

 Composition of the Assembly.

 Functions of the Assembly.

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The Security Council Do you agree
with the
existing
number?

 How does the Council maintain International peace?

 Composition of the Council

 The mighty VETO!

Is it fair that
only five
major Powers
have the right
to veto?
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Contemporary Analysis

 Underlysing issues
 Ineffectivenss of Security Council in mitigating conflicts

Security Council Demands Immediate Ceasefire in Gaza for

Month of Ramadan, Adopting Resolution 2728 (2024) with 14
Members Voting in Favour, United States Abstaining

 General Assembly with “Recommendation Status” on International

Secruityissues

Chapter-04, Article-11 : “The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the
maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the
regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the
Security Council or to both”
Reforming the Security Council
z

Countries
Representing
Specific Name the Reform Member Structure Veto Power Justification/Advocation
Size and Population
Increase total members New PM not to use VETO for 15 Contributions to the UN (Budget,
from 15 to 25: years. Peacekeeping)
Germany, Japan, - 06 PM Limit VETO to Security matters Commitment to Int. Law
G4 Proposal India, Brazil. - 04 NPM (avoid on Humanitarian issues)

Increase total members Creating the African Caucus in the SC

Mostly African from 15 to 26: to increase the voice of the continent
countries (to create - 02 PM VETO power to be granted to the (UN mostly involved)
African Union “African Caucus”) - 09 NPM new PM.

Increase total members

Open-Ended All UN member from 15 to 20/25:
Working Group on states (proposed by - Concept of Making SC more equitable,
Security Council the General “Permanent Limiting the use of VETO or accountable and democratic (reducing
Reform (OEWG) Assembly in 2009) rotation” abolishing it completely. the influence of the PM)
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This is a compromise proposal

Create a new category of that would allow for the
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, membership for countries that expansion of the UNSC without
India, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, would have a permanent seat on giving any new countries the
UfC Model South Africa, Spain, and Turkey the UNSC, but no veto power. veto power.

Create a new category of This would allow for the

membership for countries that expansion of the UNSC in a way
would have a permanent seat on that is more representative of the
the UNSC, but only for a specific current distribution of power in
Italian Regional Model Italy. region. the world.

Create a new UNSC with 40 This is a radical proposal that

members, all of which would be would completely overhaul the
elected by the UN General UNSC and make it more
Assembly. Eliminate the veto representative of the current
L69 Proposal Various countries. power. distribution of power in the world.
z Group Exercise #1

UN successful or failed?

Analyse the Objectives

Consider Contemporary
affairs

Select an Answer
z Group Exercise #2

Instructions
Draft a proposal for reforming the Multiple Groups will be
Security Council w.r.t its structure and made and
Voting procedures Regions/Continents assigned
(South Asia,
Eurasia/Central Asia,
Analyse deficiencies of the Middle East, Africa,
Security Council Europe)

10 mins to discuss.

Consider the needs of your Select 01 focal person to

region/continent present.

2min presentation time.

What to
z
Expect?
Question Analysis
- Critically examine the powers and the voting procedure of the U.N. Security Council?

- How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system of Human Rights
protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a stable International Order?

- Elucidate and justify: "The United Nations inspite of its imperfections, is the only organizations that
can save humanity from disaster and complete annihilation?"

- Keeping in view the powers of the security council what suggestions can you give for improving its
structure as a dominant body within UN?

- Highlight the factors and forces, which have contributed to sideline the UN in terms of its peace and
security role?

- Keeping in view the Charter assess the working of the United Nations in the new millennium?

- Discuss in detail the structure of the united nations. Do you believe that the United Nations have the
capacity to fulfill the goals of promoting a more united, peaceful, and free world? Explain your answer
with logical analysis and examples supporting your arguments?