1.

6 ANGLE OF LOLL
Description

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 states that in this condition, GM is said to be negative and
B x GZ is called the upsetting moment or capsizing moment
 explains how B may move sufficiently to reduce the
capsizing moment to zero at some angle of heel
 states that the angle at which the ship becomes stable is
known as the angle of loll
 states that the ship will roll about the angle of loll instead of
the upright
 states that an unstable ship may loll to either side
 explains why the condition described in the above objective
is potentially dangerous

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 CONDITIONS OF STABILITY

A ship may become unstable if the center of gravity (G) is

allowed to rise too high. There are a number of possible causes
of this, principle ones being the loading of too much weight
high up in the ship and the effect of free surfaces in slack tanks.

Stable condition – a ship is in a stable condition of stability it,

when heeled by an external force in still water to a small angle
of inclination, it returns to the upright when the force is
removed
KM – KG = GM , which has a positive value
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Neutral condition - a ship is in a neutral condition of stability
if, when heeled by an external force in still water to a small
angle of inclination. It comes to rest at an indeterminate angle
of heel within small angles of inclination.
KM - KG = 0, GM = 0

Since the ship has no GM, the lines of action of Wf and Bf

remain in the same vertical, there is no horizontal separation
between them when the ship is heeled within small angles of
inclination. Thus, righting lever GZ will not exists

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In neutral condition the righting lever GZ will not exist. G is at
the same height as M. The ship has zero GM. The ship will
settle at an indeterminate angle of heel within small angles
when acted upon by successive external forces.

UNSTABLE CONDITION
A ship is in an unstable condition if, when heeled by an
external force in still water to a small angle, it continues to
heel further when the external the external force is removed

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THE MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
 Angle of loll
State of a ship that is unstable when
upright (i.e. has a negative metacentric
height, GM) and therefore takes on an
angle of heel to either port or starboard

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 ANGLE OF LOLL
A Ship with a negative GM will not remain
upright. It will capsize, either to port or starboard,
until the center of buoyancy is able to attain a
position vertically below the center of gravity (G)
at B₁
At the angle of Loll GZ is zero. The accurate for
calculating GZ for wall sided inclination is
GZ =(GM + ½BM TAN²θ) SINE θ
A formula for calculating the angle of loll value
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THE MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
 Angle of Loll

Unstable Equilibrium

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 Angle of Loll

Negative GM

• GZ = negative
• Result in capsizing moment

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 Angle of loll
Consider the
following vessel
in unstable
equilibrium
condition.

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 As the angle of heel increases, the CB
moves out further until it is directly under
G. The capsizing moment disappears now
and this angle of heel at which this
condition occurs is called the angle of loll.

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 Angle of Loll

When the ship is now listed to the angle of loll,

GZ is zero

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 The ship now moves around the angle of
loll, but if the CB does not move out far
enough to move directly under G, then the
vessel will capsize.

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 Angle of Loll

Negative GZ

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 Angle of Loll

When the ship is now listed to the angle of loll,

GZ is zero

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 Angle of Loll

Positive GZ

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 If the heel increases beyond the angle of loll,
the CB moves out further to the low side and the
ship now moves around this angle.

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 The angle of loll can be on either side
depending upon the external inclining force,
such as the wind and the waves.
However, there is always the threat of the
G rising above the M and this will create a
situation of unstable equilibrium, thereby
capsizing the ship.
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 List Caused By Negative Gm
When a ship’s center of gravity moves
vertically upwards and slightly above the
Metacenter, the ship will develop a list (or
possibly capsize.) The vessel may also
“flop” over, developing the same list to the
other side.
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 Possible Causes
1. Removal of low weight
2. Addition of high weight (ice)
3. Moving weight upward
4. Free Surface Effect
5. Free Flow Effect (if present)

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 How to Recognize
1. Vessel will not remain upright and will
assume a list to either port or starboard.
2. Vessel “flops” to port or starboard.
3. Vessel will have a very long, slow roll period
about the angle of list.
4. A small GM is known to exist plus any of the
above.
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 Corrective Measures
1. Eliminate Free Surface and Free Flow Effects
(if present)
2. Add low weight symmetrically about
centerline.
3. Remove high weight symmetrically.
4. Shift weight down symmetrically.
List Caused By Off-Center Weight And Negative
Gm
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 GM CONDITIONS

GM at LOLL , GZ = 0
GM = 2(Initial GM) / Cosθ

When GM is negative
=

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For Large of HEEL for wall-sided inclinations
GZ = (GM + ½ BM Tan² θ) Sin θ

For Small angle of HEEL

GZ = GM x Sin θ

For righting moment or Moment of Statical Stability

RM = GZ x Displacement

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 END

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