Skeletal System

5 Functions of the Skeletal System

1. Movement: The skeletal system
provides points of attachment
for muscles.

2. Support: The backbone is the main

support center for the upper body.
5 Functions of the Skeletal System
3. Protection: The bones of your skull
protect your brain. The bones of your
rib cage protect your heart and lungs.

4. Blood Creation: Bone marrow tissue

in the center of the bone is the cite for
red and white blood cell synthesis.
5 Functions of the skeletal system
5. Storage: Your body stores minerals
such as calcium and phosphorus in the
bone.
2 Major Skeletal System Parts
1. Axial Skeleton: includes the skull,
spine, ribs and sternum.

2. Appendicular Skeleton: includes

the appendages of the body, which
are the shoulders, arms, hips and legs.
Skeletal System Bones
Four major types of bone:

● Long- arms, legs and fingers.

○ Tubular shaft, articular surface
● Short - metacarpals, metatarsals
and phalanges
○ Tubular shaft, articular surface
● Flat- skull, sternum, scapula and ribs
○ Thin with a broad surface
● Irregular - vertebrae, carpals, tarsals
and patella
Bone Structure
Typical Four Layers

● Periosteum - covers bones

● Compact bone - lies beneath
the periosteum
● Spongy bone (Cancellous) -
lies beneath the compact bone
● Bone marrow - fills the gaps
between the spongy bone
Cranium Bones Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone

Occipital Bone Temporal Bone

Sphenoid Bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla and Mandible

Mandible
Clavicle
● The clavicle, or collarbone,
holds the shoulder joint away
from the rest of the upper body.
● Generally only as thick as your
little finger and it only takes 7
pounds of pressure to break.
Scapula
● The scapula is located on
the backside of the ribcage
and helps provide part of the
shoulder joint and movement
for the arms.
Vertebral Column
1. The cervical region
( neck bones) -7
2. The thoracic region
(what the ribs attach
to) -12
3. The lumbar region
(the lower part of
the back) -5
Coccyx and Sacrum
Humerus (upper arm bone)
Radius and Ulna
● Radius on top

● Ulna on bottom
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (middle of hands)
Phalanges
Rib Cage

Sternum
Pelvis
Femur (largest bone in the body)
Tibia, Fibula, and Patella
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Calcaneus
Skeletal System Diagram
● Study Guide for Skeletal System Exam #1