f4 2 Daya Dan Gerakan I

0.1 cm / 1 mm / 0.
001 m
Parallax error / Random error
Ralat paralaks / Ralat rawak .
Position of eye is perpendicularly above the scale of ruler

kedudukan mata berserenjang dengan skala pembaris
Ruler and eraser are aligned to each other //
Pembaris dan pemadam sejajar antara satu sama lain /
sama hujung
TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.1 GERAKAN LINEAR BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.1 LINEAR MOTION SPM 2011
____________
________
Q P
PQ is shorter / ST > PQ
acceleration / pecutan
Q Constant velocity /
halaju seragam / pecutan sifar
The distance between two

√ successive dots are the same
Jarak antara dua titik berturutan
adalah sama
Distance between two points

Jarak antara dua titik
Same / sama
5.2 > 5.1

Directly proportional
5.2 > 5.1 Berkadar terus
M1: velocity increase uniform / same // uniform

acceleration, a / halaju bertambh seragam/Pecutan
malar
M2: Pertambahan Panjang malar / Increasing in length
uniformly // jarak antara detik bertambah (secara)
seragam
M3: zero acceleration // constant velocity pecutan sifar //
halaju tetap
M4: Panjang sama / uniform length / jarak antara detik /
titik sama
TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.2 GRAF GERAKAN BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.2 MOTION GRAPH NO 3 (SBP 2022)
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.2 MOTION GRAPH SPM 2014
X
(200 – 100)
24 - 14
= 10 ms-1
• Speed AB > OA
laju AB > OA
starting block
Tight / light / ketat / ringan
Increase forward force
reduce air resistance increase momentum
kurang rintangan udara Tambah daya ke depan
Tambah momentum
spike shoes / kasut spike
more grib / lebih cengkaman

TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.3 JATUH BEBAS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2,3 FREE FALL SPM 2004
Daya tarikan gravity / berat

Feather > water droplet

bulu burung > titisan air
Mulanya, kedua-dua mempunyai pecutan sama

Initially, both have the same acceleration
Halaju akhir malar
Final velocity constant
Halaju akhir bagi titisan air > bulu burung
Final velocity for the water droplet is larger than the feather
Semakin besar luas permukaan,

semakin rendah halaju akhir
The larger the surface area, the smaller
the final velocity
TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.4 MOMENTUM BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.4 MOMENTUM SPM 2004
Forward momentum of the man equal

the backward momentum of the boat.
Momentum lelaki ke depan sama
dengan momentum bot ke belakang
Prinsip Keabadian momentu

Principle of conservation of momentum
Roket / satellite / rocket

5
5
Momentum = mass x velocity //

jisim x halaju
sama / equal
2.5
0.4 + 2.1 = 2.5

Total momentum before collision

equal to the total momentum after
collision // jumlah momentum
sebelum perlanggaran sama dengan
jumlah momentum selepas
perlanggaran
Principle of Conservation of momentum

Prinsip keabadian momentum
No external force acting on the system
Tiada daya luar yang bertindak ke atas s
Inelastic collision
Perlanggaran tak kenyal
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.5 MOMENTUM NO 4 (SET 3 FIZIK MOZAC)
Laju: jarak // Speed: distance

masa time
 Momentum bergantung kepada halaju dan jisim / momentum = jisim x

halaju // Momentum depends on mass and velocity // momentum = mass
x velocity
 Momentum tinggi sebabkan daya tinggi bertindak pada lori bila
berlaku kemalangan / lebih banyak kerosakan High
momentum causes a high force to act on the lorry when accident
occurs / more damage done
 Inersia bergantung pada jisim
Inertia depends on mass
 Susah untuk berhenti // Difficult to stop
v = 45 km = 45 x 1000 m = 12.5 m
jam 3600 s take
a = v – u = 12.5 – 0 = 1.25 m s-2
t 10
F = ma = 1800 x 1.25 = 2250 N

FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.5 MOMENTUM NO 7 (MELAKA 2022)
Hasil darab jisim dengan halaju / jisim x halaju

The product of mass and velocity / mass x velocity
p = mv
= (78000)(4600)
= 3588000000 kg ms-1
= 3.59 x 109 kg ms-1
Berkurang / Decreases
Banyak / More
Meningkatkan daya tujah / momentum

Increase trust / momentum
Rendah / Low
Ringan / Lighter
Q
TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.6 DAYA BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.6 FORCE SPM 2013
300 N
Push or pull
Tarik atau tolakan
F = 350 – 300
= 50 N
F = ma
a = 50/50 = 1 ms-2
Frictional force / weight //

Daya geseran / berat
5.1 is greater// 5.1 lebih besar
5.1 is shorter// 5.1 lebih pendek
5.1 is greater // 5.1 lebih besar

Directly proportional// berkadar terus
Newton’s Second law

Hukum Newton kedua
Acceleration increase// pecutan bertambah
Reduce air resistance // kurangkan rintangan udara

TING 4: DAYA DAN GERAKAN 1 2.7 IMPULS & DAYA IMPULS BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 2.7 IMPULSE & IMPULSIVE FORCE SPM 2009
Impulsive force / Daya impuls
Hard surface / high impulsive

force / time of impact is short
Permukaan keras / daya impuls
tinggi / masa hentaman pendek
Replace wooden block with a

spongy material / mattress or
wrap the egg with soft material
Gantikan kayu dengan bahan
berspan / tilam / balut telur
dengan bahan lembut
base
asas
√
t = 400 x 10-3 s / 0.4 s

Ft / 450 x 0.4 / mv – mu
= 180 Ns
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 2.7 IMPULSE & IMPULSIVE FORCE NO. 7 (SPM SET 2 2021)
Kadar perubahan momentum

Rate of change of momentum
M1: F = mv – mu
t
= 0.8(0 – 20)
0.05
M2: F = - 320 N
Bertambah / Increases
Getah / Rubber
Kurang daya impuls / Reduce impulsive

force / tambah masa / high impact time
Pemegang kayu dengan Getah / wooden

handle with rubber
Meningkatkan cengkaman / geseran

bertambah / increase
grip / not slipping / rough / kesat
X
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 2.7 IMPULSE & IMPULSIVE FORCE NO. 8 (MRSM 2022)
X
F = ( mv - mu)/t
= [ 60 (0 - 5) ] / 0.8
= - 375 N
M1: Tilam tebal / Thickness of mattress higher // thicker,
M2: Panjang masa impak / daya impuls kecil // Longer time of

impact // reduce / lower impulsive force
M1: getah / span / Natural fiber // rubber //sponge //polyfoam //

polyester // cotton // wool
M2: Panjang masa impak // daya impuls kecil / tidak

mudah koyak
Longer time impact // smaller impulsive force // not
easy to tear
M1: luas permukaan besar / Big surface area
M2: Lebih banyak ruang untuk mendarat / elak

dari jatuh ke tanah
More space to land // prevent from
fall off to ground when bounce // prevent from
stumbling to ground
TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.3 JATUH BEBAS BAHAGIAN B NO 9
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.3 FREE FALL SET 2 FIZIK MOZAC
Jatuh bebas: objek jatuh disebabkan oleh

daya tarikan graviti sahaja.
Free fall: an object falls due to gravitational
force only.
pecutan graviti = 9.81m s-2

Gravitational acceleration
v = u + at
= 0 + (9.81)(2)
= 19.62 m s-1
s = ut + ½ gt2
= 0 + ½ x 9.81 x 22
= 19.62 m
M1: Dalam udara, bola besi sampai dulu

In air, the iron ball reached at the bottom first.
M2: Terdapat rintangan udara yang bertindak ke atas
bulu ayam disebabkan luas permukaannya yang
besar. There is air resistance acts on the feather due
to its large surface area.
M3: Dalam vakum, kedua-dua bola logam dan bulu
ayam tiba ke bawah dalam masa yang sama.
In vaccum, both iron balls and feather
reached the bottom at the same time
M4: Kedua-dua objek ditarik oleh daya graviti yang
sama. Both objects are pulled by the same
gravitational force.
Gentian karbon Ringan / jisim kecil / ketumpatan rendah

Carbon fibre Lighter / Small mass / Low density
Pemegang Pengayuh berada pada kedudukan aerodinamik /
bengkok kurangkan rintangan udara //Cyclist at aerodynamic
Drop handle
position / reduce air resistance
Tayar tirus Ringan / kurangkan geseran
Narrow tyre //Lighter / reduce the friction
Tayar tanpa bunga kurangkan geseran // Reduce the friction
No thread
Pilih R: badan dibuat daripada gentian karbon, pemegang bengkok,
tayar tirus dan tanpa bunga / Track bicycle with carbon fibre body, drop
handle, narrow and without thread tyre
TING 4: DAYA DAN GERAKAN 1 2.5 MOMENTUM BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 NO. 9 (PAHANG 2022)
Momentum ialah jisim x halaju

Momentum is mass x velocity
M1: Cecair oksigen dan bahan api cecair hydrogen dibakar dalam kebuk
pembakaran. / Oxygen liquid and hydrogen liquid fuel are burned in the
combustion chamber.
M2: Gas ekzos dipancut keluar dari roket dengan halaju tinggi. / The
exhaust gas is ejected out of the rocket at high velocity
M3: Menghasilkn momentum tinggi ke belakang / Produce high
momentum backward.
M4: Roket itu memperoleh momentum yang besar ke depan. / The rocket
gained a large momentum forward.
Sudut pelancaran 45⁰ Hasilkan jarak terpanjang

Launching angle is 45⁰ Produces the longest distance
Isipadu air 0.5 liter / 2/3 isipadu udara boleh dimasukkan / isipadu
1/3 / Volume of water udara bertekanan tinggi dihasilkan
0.5 liter / 1/3 Enable 2/3 of air is filled into the bottle / produces
larger volume of high pressure gas
Tekanan udara tinggi Momentum tinggi ke belakang / daya tujah
Air pressure is high tinggi ke atas / High momentum backward / high
thrust upward
Ada plastisin
With plastisine Roket bergerak dalam satu garis lurus
Enable rocket moves in straight line
Pilih R / Choose R
Jumlah momentum sebelum tembakan = sifar

The total momentum before the shot is zero
10 g = 10 x 10-3 kg = 0.01 kg
0 = (0.01) 250 + (1.5) v

1.5 v = - 2.5
v = - 1.67 m s-1
TING 4: DAYA DAN GERAKAN 1 2.7 IMPULS DAN DAYA IMPULS BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 2.7 IMPULSE AND IMPULSIVE FORCE NO. 9 (SPM SET 2 2021)
Perubahan momentum
/ change of momentum
Ft F = daya impuls t = masa
Momentum akhir – momentum awal
M1: Masa sentuhan Panjang / / time of contact long

M2: laju akhir bola bertambah / final velocity of ball increases
M3: momentum akhir bertambah / / final momentum increases
M4: perubahan momentum bertambah / change of
momentum increases / Ft bertambah / impuls bertambah /
mv – mu bertambah
M5: Ft = mv – mu
M1: jisim tinggi // high mass M2: momentum tinggi / impuls tinggi / daya impuls
tinggi / high momentum / high impulse
M3: logam / metal M4: kuat / tidak paah / tahan daya tinggi / kukuh /
strong / does not break easily / durable
M5: Ada grip / with grip M6: tingkat geseran / tambah cengkaman / increase
friction / increase grip
M7: lebih panjang / more M8: tingkat halaju / tingkat daya / increase velocity /
length / long more force
M9: Pilih R M10: jisim tinggi, batang logam, ada grip, panjang
High mass, metal, with grip, long
M1: Ft = mv – (- mu) / Ft = mv + mu
M2: v = 10 - (0.2)(72)
M1: Ft = 50 x 0.2 0.2
M2: = 10 Ns M3: = 22 m/s
Jawapan dengan unit betul Jawapan dengan unit betul
TING 4: DAYA DAN GERAKAN 1 2.7 IMPULS & DAYA IMPULS NO. 9 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 2.7 IMPULSE & IMPULSIVE FORCE
Impuls ialah perubahan momentum

Impulse is the change of momentum
M1: Pelantak pada suatu ketinggian / tenaga

keupayaan tinggi / Pile driver at a certain height /
high potential energy
M2: Pelantak menghentm cerucuk dengan halaju / momentum tinggi./
Driver hits the pile with a high velocity / momentum
M3: Hentaman antara permukaan keras pelantak dan cerucuk /
Collision of hard surfaces of driver and pile
M4: Masa perlanggaran yang singkat / Short collision time
M5: Daya impuls tinggi terhasil / High impulsive force is produced
TING 4: DAYA DAN GERAKAN 1 2.7 IMPULS & DAYA IMPULS BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 2.7 IMPULSE & IMPULSIVE FORCE NO. 9 (SELANGOR 2022)
Kasut spike Cengkaman kuat / elak tergelincir

Spike shoes Better grip / prevent from slipping
Berlari dengan laju sebelum Meningkatkan tenaga kinetik /
melompat Run with high speed momentum/ Increased kinetic energy /
before jump momentum
Bengkokkan badan / Tingkatkan masa perlanggaran / kurang daya
Bends his body impuls / To increase time impact / Reduce the
impulsive force
Guna tilam tebal
Use thicker mattress Tambah masa perlanggara / kurangkan daya
impuls / To increase the time impact / Reduce
impulsive force.
Pilih P / Choose P
Untuk memanjangkan masa perlanggaran

To lengthen the time of collision
Impuls / Impulse = mv – mu
= (5)(0) – (5)(6)
= - 30 kg m s-1
Daya impuls / Impulsive force, F = 𝑚𝑣−𝑚𝑢

𝑡
= −30 – 0 = - 15 N
2
TING 4: DAYA DAN GERAKAN 1 2.1 GERAKAN LINEAR BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 2.1 LINEAR MOTION SPM 2014
• Speed is distance/time
laju ialah jarak/masa
360 x 103 = 100 m/s

3600
(100 – 0) = 10 ms-2
10
0(10) + ½ (10)(10)2 = 500 m

Characteristics reason
Low density of material Light, smaller mass, small inertia
Bahan ketumpatan rendah Ringan, jisim kecil, inersia kecil
ara
Aerodynamic Reduce air resistance
Kurang rintangan udara
Superconductor Zero resistance / no energy loss

superkonduktor Rintangan sifar / tiada tenaga hilang
8 short coaches Reduce the effect of inertia / can easily
8 gerabak pendek make a turn at the sharp end
Kurang kesan inersia / mudah membelok
Low density material, aerodynamic, superconductor, 8 short coaches
L Bahan ketumpatan rendah, aerodynamic, superkonduktor, 8 gerabak
pendek
FORM 4: FORCE AND MOTION 1 SPM 2014
• Engine thrust = drag

tujahan enjin = seretan
• Resultant force = 0
daya paduan = 0
• Engine thrust > drag
tujahan enjin > seretan
• Resultant is not equal zero
Daya paduan bukan sifar
F = ma
Total momentum is constant if there is no

external force
Jumlah momentum adalah tetap jika tiada
daya luar yang bertindak.
• Hidrogen and oksigen mix

hidgrogen dan oksigen dicampurkan
• The mixture explode
Campuran itu meletup
• The hot gasses moved out the rocket nozzle at high velocity
gas panas berhalaju tinggi dikeluarkan dari muncung roket
• Momentum upward (rocket) = momentum downward (hot gases)
momentum ke atas (roket) = momentum ke bawah (gas panas)
a = 1 x 106
4 x 105
= 2.5 ms-2
(ii) u = 0
852 = 0 + 2(2.5)s
s = 1445 m
Characteristics reason
Air intake big opening// Sucked more air
udara masuk melalui bukaan besar banyak udara disedut
Titanium blade// bilah titanium Low density / lighter / strong / not rusty/
ketumpatan rendah / ringan/kuat/tidak
berkarat/
Big combustion chamber Burns more fuel/more combustions/ high
kebuk pembakaran besar exhaust gas/ lebih bahan api terbakar / gas
ekzos lebih besar/ banyak pembakaran
Exhaust gas through small High velocity// udara masuk melalui
opening// gas ekzos keluar melalui bukaan besar
bukaan kecil
S Air intake big opening, titanium blad, Big combustion chamber and exhaust
gas through small opening/ bukaan udara besar, bilah titanium, kebuk
Change of momentum /
perubahan momentum
1. Time of contact increases/ masa sentuhan bertambah

2. Ft increase / Ft bertambah
3. Ft = mv – mu increase / Ft = mv – mu bertambah
4. Speed increase / go further / accelerate
laju bertambah / pergi lebih jauh / memecut
11
Maximum tension of string = 1 000 N Maximum tension of string = 2 000 N

Density of pole = 1 500 kg m-3 Density of pole = 900 kg m-3
Flexibility of pole = Low Flexibility of pole = High
Maximum tension of string = 1 000 N Maximum tension of string = 2 000 N

Density of pole = 900 kg m-3 Density of pole = 1 500 kg m-3
Flexibility of pole = High Flexibility of pole = Low
Density low Light
Ketumpatan rendah ringan
High flexibility Difficult to break / can sway without
Kekenyalan tinggi breaking / susah patah / boleh melentur
tanpa patah
Maximum tension Not break easily / high force / strong / tidak
Ketegangan maksima mudah putus / daya tinggi / kuat
High position of string Stable / stand still / strong / not easily to
tied / tali diikat fall / lebih stabil / kuat / tidak mudah jatuh
kedudukan tinggi
Q :low density, high flexibility , high tension and high position,
ketumpatan rendah, kekenyalan tinggi, ketegangan maksima,
kedudukan tinggi
1. mgh = 60 x 10 x 9
2. = 5400 J
1. ½ mv2 = 5 400
Gravitational Potential energy to kinetic energy
Tenaga keupayaan gravity ke tenaga kinetik 2. v = 13.42 m/s
TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.7 IMPULS & DAYA IMPULS BAHAGIAN C NO 11
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.7 IMPULSE & IMPULSIVE FORCE SET 1 FIZIK MOZAC
11.Rajah 11.1 dan 11.2 menunjukkan Ali

menyepak sebiji bola dan seketul batu.
Dalam kedua-dua situasi, Ali mengalami
daya impuls yang bertindak pada kaki
kanannya.
Figure 11.1 and 11.2 show Ali kicking a ball and
a rock. In both situations, Ali experiences an
impulsive force acts on his right foot.
(a) Apakah maksud daya impuls? [1 m]

What is meant by impulsive force? [1 m]
Daya impuls: kadar perubahan momentum

Impulsive force: rate of change of momemtum
(b) Menggunakan Rajah 11.1 dan Rajah 11.2,

Using Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2,
(i) bandingkan kekerasan objek yang disepak oleh
Ali, masa tindak balas ke atas kaki kanan Ali dan
kesakitan yang dialami oleh kaki kanannya.
Compare the hardness of the objects kicked by Ali,
reaction time on Ali’s right foot and the pain
experience on his right foot.
[3 m]
Kekerasan objek: 11.2 > 11.1
Hardness of object: Masa tindak balas: 11.2 < 11.1
Reaction time
Kesakitan: 11.2 > 11.1
Pain experience:
(b) Menggunakan Rajah 11.1 dan Rajah 11.2,

Using Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2,
(ii) Hubungkaitkan kekerasan objek dengan masa
tindak balas.
Relate the hardness of the objects kicked by Ali
with reaction time.
(iii) Hubungkaitkan masa tindak balas dengan daya
impuls.
Relate the reaction time with the impulsive force.
[2 m]
Kekerasan objek bertambah, masa tindak balas berkurang.
The hardness increases, time reaction decreases
Masa tindak balas berkurang, daya impuls bertambah.
The reaction time decreases, the impulsive force increases.
(c) Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan sebatang tukul digunakan
untuk memasukkan suatu cerucuk ke dalam tanah
pada tapak pembinaan.
Diagram 11.2 shows a pile hammer is used to insert a pile
into the ground at a construction site.
Terangkan bagaimana cerucuk dimasukkan ke dalam
tanah oleh tukul.
Explain how the pile is inserted into the ground by the
pile hammer. [4 m]
M1: Cerucuk tukul dinaikkan ke satu ketinggian di atas tukul. dan ianya dibiarkan jatuh.
Pile hammer is risen to a certain height above the pile and it is allowed to fall.
M2: Cerucuk tukul yang berjisim dan berhalaju tinggi menghasilkan momentum yang besar.
Heavy weight and high velocity of the pile hammer produce a large momentum
M3: Momentum yang tinggi ini dipindahkan ke tukul
The high momentum of the pile hammer is transferred to the pile
M4: Menolak tukul ke tanah dengan daya besar. Drives the pile into the ground.
(d) Rajah 11.4 menunjukkan seorang pemain badminton

sedang memukul bulu tangkis di dalam satu
pertandingan.
Diagram 11.4 shows a badminton’s player
hitting a shuttle cork in a competition.
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan

penggunaan peralatan dan teknik yang sesuai bagi
membantu pemain melakukan hantara servis bulu tangkis
dengan halaju tinggi. Jawapan anda mestilah meliputi ciri-
ciri raket dan tali raket, kedudukan raket dan teknik
memukul bulu tangkis
Using appropriate physics concept, explain the use of
suitable equiptments and techniques which help the player
to serve the shuttle cork with high speed. Your answer
should include the characteristics of the racket and the
string, the position of the racket and the technique of hitting
the shuttle cork.
Raket kuat / raket Tidak mudah patah / ringan / kuat // does not break easily /
fiber glas / strong lighter / strong
racquet
Pemegang getah // daya geseran bertambah / lebih cengkaman // increase frictional
Rubber grip force / more grip
tali tegang / high daya impuls tinggi // high impulsive force

tension string
Kedudukan raket tinggi // High Tenaga keupayaan tinggi // High potential energy
position of the racquet Perubahan momentum tinggi // change in momentum
Ikut lajak // follow through increases
Raket berketumpatan rendah / Ringan / lighter

low density racket
Tali kenyal / elastic string Kuat / kenyal / tidak mudah putus // strong / does not
broken / elastic
TING 4: DAYA & GERAKAN 1 2.6 DAYA BAHAGIAN C NO 11
Mass is a quantity of matter

Jisim ialah kuantiti jirim
• distance R < distance S

jarak R < jarak S
• force R < force S

daya R < daya S
• Acceleration R < acceleration S pecutan
R < pecutan S
• Distance directly proportional to force

Jarak berkadar terus dengan daya
• Force directly proportional to acceleration
Daya berkadar terus dengan pecutan
• PQ: Accelerate / increase in velocity /

memecut / Halaju bertambah
• Resultant force not zero / unbalanced force
/ F ≠ 0 / daya paduan bukan sifar / daya
tak seimbang
• QR / 20 – 40 saat / selepas Q : constant
velocity / uniform velocity / zero
acceleration / a = 0 / Halaju malar / halaju
seragam / pecutan sifar /
• Resultant force = 0 / balanced force
daya paduan = 0 / daya seimbang
Streamline / larus less resistance / rintangan kurang
low density / ketumpatan rendah Light /ringan
high power / kuasa tinggi high force / high thrust /accelerate

more // daya tinggi /pecutan lebih
Big propeller // kipas besar large force // daya besar // high

acceleration // bigger thrust / high
Strong boat / strong material energy / large change of momentum
/ / bot kuat // bahan kuat //
Not broken // Tidak patah // strong /
bot kalis air // waterproof
waterproof / tidak bocor / tidak
boat / /fiberglass bot //
pecah / kuat / light / ringan / lasting /
karbon composit bot //
tahan lama / leakage
Aluminium bot //
FORM 4: FORCE & MOTION I 2.7 IMPULSE & IMPULSIVE FORCE SPM 2003
Momentum = jisim x halaju

Momentum = mass x velocity
Bentuk bola plastisin pada blok kayu kemek

The shape of the plasticine ball on the wooden block flattened
Bentuk blok kayu tidak berubah @ bentuk span
melengkung. The shape of the wooden block does not
change @ the shape of the sponge is curved.
Bola plastisin mengambil masa lebih lama untuk berhenti
bila menghentam hentam span.Plasticine ball takes a longer
time to stop when it hits the sponge.
Daya impuls bertindak pada bola plastisin atas blok kayu lebih
besar / Impulsive force acts on the plasticine ball on the wooden
block is larger.
Daya impuls berkadar songsang dengan masa
Impulsive force inversely proportional to the time of impact
Tenaga keupayaan gravity → tenaga kinetik → haba dan bunyi.

Tenaga berubah ke tenaga kinetik molekul yang digunakan untuk
mengubah bentuk span.
Gravitational potential energy → kinetic energy → heat + sound
energy.
Energy change to kinetic energy of the molecules which is used to
change the shape of the sponge.
Modification / pengubahsuaian Sebab / reason
Bentuk torpedo / aerodinamik Kurangkan rintangan udara

Torpedo shape / aerodynamic Reduce air friction
Bahan kalis haba Elak haba masuk ke dalam kapsul
Heat resistance material Prevent heat from entering the capsule
Guna parachute Kurangkan laju
Use parachute Reduce the speed
Mendarat di atas air Kurangkan daya impuls
Land on water Reduce impulsive force
Bahan yang kuat Tidak mudah pecah atau kemek
Strong material Not easily breakable or dented
Bahan takat lebur tinggi Tahan suhu tinggi / elak melebur
High melting point material Withstand the extreme temperature or
prevent melting
To freeze/static motion
Membekukan pergerakan
Distance / jarak: 9.2 > 9.1

Depth / kedalaman: 9.2 > 9.1
Distance between the two consecutive

images is directly proportional to
velocity
Jarak antara dua imej berturutan
berkadar terus dengan halaju penukul
Depth of nail directly proportional to

force exerted on the nail.
Kedalaman paku berkadar terus
dengan daya yang dikenakan ke atas
paku
Velocity of the hammer is directly

proportional to the force exerted on the nail.
Halaju penukul berkadar terus dengan daya
yang dikenakan ke atas paku
M1 – (hand) moves faster / tangan bergerak laju

M2 – stop quickly / time short / berhenti cepat / masa pendek
M3 – change in momentum / high impulsive force
perubahan momentum / daya impuls tinggi
M4 – Force inversely proportional to time
daya berkadar songsang dengan masa
Faster / lighter / accelerate / high velocity

Small mass / Jisim kecil Halaju tinggi / ringan / pecutan
Sharp / aerodynamics / Reduce air resistance
Tajam / aerodinamik Kurang rintangan udara
High elasticity Large elastic potential energy / high velocity / move
Kekenyalan further / easy to bend/ Tenaga keupayaan Kenyal tinggi /
tinggi laju tinggi / gerak jauh / mudah lentur
Strong bow Does not break easily / can withstand force
Busar kuat Tidak mudah patah / tahan daya tinggi
Above / higher / parabolic Gravitational force / g / weight
Lebih tinggi / atas / parabolic Daya tarikan gravity / g / berat

f4 2 Daya Dan Gerakan I

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f4 2 Daya Dan Gerakan I

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0.1 cm / 1 mm / 0.

Position of eye is perpendicularly above the scale of ruler

The distance between two

Distance between two points

5.2 > 5.1

M1: velocity increase uniform / same // uniform

more grib / lebih cengkaman

Daya tarikan gravity / berat

Feather > water droplet

Mulanya, kedua-dua mempunyai pecutan sama

Semakin besar luas permukaan,

Forward momentum of the man equal

Prinsip Keabadian momentu

Roket / satellite / rocket

Momentum = mass x velocity //

0.4 + 2.1 = 2.5

Total momentum before collision

Principle of Conservation of momentum

Laju: jarak // Speed: distance

 Momentum bergantung kepada halaju dan jisim / momentum = jisim x

F = ma = 1800 x 1.25 = 2250 N

Hasil darab jisim dengan halaju / jisim x halaju

Meningkatkan daya tujah / momentum

Frictional force / weight //

5.1 is greater// 5.1 lebih besar

5.1 is shorter// 5.1 lebih pendek

5.1 is greater // 5.1 lebih besar

Directly proportional// berkadar terus

Newton’s Second law

Acceleration increase// pecutan bertambah

Reduce air resistance // kurangkan rintangan udara

Impulsive force / Daya impuls

Hard surface / high impulsive

Replace wooden block with a

t = 400 x 10-3 s / 0.4 s

Kadar perubahan momentum

Kurang daya impuls / Reduce impulsive

Pemegang kayu dengan Getah / wooden

Meningkatkan cengkaman / geseran

M1: Tilam tebal / Thickness of mattress higher // thicker,

M2: Panjang masa impak / daya impuls kecil // Longer time of

M1: getah / span / Natural fiber // rubber //sponge //polyfoam //

M2: Panjang masa impak // daya impuls kecil / tidak

M1: luas permukaan besar / Big surface area

M2: Lebih banyak ruang untuk mendarat / elak

Jatuh bebas: objek jatuh disebabkan oleh

pecutan graviti = 9.81m s-2

M1: Dalam udara, bola besi sampai dulu

Gentian karbon Ringan / jisim kecil / ketumpatan rendah

Momentum ialah jisim x halaju

Sudut pelancaran 45⁰ Hasilkan jarak terpanjang

Jumlah momentum sebelum tembakan = sifar

0 = (0.01) 250 + (1.5) v

M1: Masa sentuhan Panjang / / time of contact long

Impuls ialah perubahan momentum

M1: Pelantak pada suatu ketinggian / tenaga

Kasut spike Cengkaman kuat / elak tergelincir

Untuk memanjangkan masa perlanggaran

Daya impuls / Impulsive force, F = 𝑚𝑣−𝑚𝑢

360 x 103 = 100 m/s

0(10) + ½ (10)(10)2 = 500 m

Superconductor Zero resistance / no energy loss

• Engine thrust = drag